Peanut is the main economic crop in the Central Plains, and the market is relatively open. Many people are planting, so how to manage black peanuts?
First, the selection of peanuts on the soil requires soil to be loose in the tillage layer, and the deep sandy loam in the active soil layer is most suitable. However, it is suitable to grow black peanuts with yellow brown loam. According to the Zhengyang soil census, the yellow-brown soil plot with more than 500kg of pods per 1/15 hectare is determined. The soil structure is more than 45cm of the thickness of the whole soil layer, and the matured tillage layer is about 30cm. The pod layer is a soft loam layer. The soil texture is a clay layer below l0cm; 10cm-30cm is a silt clay layer.
Second, land preparation fertilization Before planting, choose a yellow brown soil block with deep soil, fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage. After the autumn harvest, deep ploughing is carried out. After the spring, the shallow ploughing is carried out, that is, the sorghum is deep and sturdy, and the sturdy shovel is flat, the ground is flat and smashed, no dark scorpion, no debris. Apply 2500kg-3000kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, 20kg-25kg of diammonium, 10kg of urea and 12.5kg-15kg of potassium chloride.
Third, the reasonable close planting of black peanuts spring sowing around April 15th. After sowing, the seeds are sown on the mulch covered with mulch, and each row is planted in two rows, planted in a wide and narrow line, with a narrow line of 30 cm and a width of 50 cm. Use a hole-fixing device to punch holes, the hole distance is 17cm, artificial sowing, 2 spots per spot, planting 9000 points per acre. After sowing, use moist fine soil on the hole in time to press on the small mound. The pile height and width are about 5cm each, to prevent the gas leakage after the film is lost.
4. Prevention and treatment of pests and weeds with 25% per acre with 10ml-15ml of water, 150ml of water, 15kg of peanuts, peanut stalk rot and root rot; 2kg of worms per acre, 2kg Spread the surface evenly before plowing the ground, 1kg is evenly spread before the plowing the ground for soil treatment to prevent underground hazards; 96% Jinduer 60ml-80ml per acre, 30kg to water, coated The former soil is closed to control various weeds of peanuts.
V. Field management seedling replanting: due to poor seed quality, insufficient soil moisture, improper soil fertilization, pests and diseases, and low temperature and other environmental conditions, resulting in seed bud death and lack of seedlings; pest control: 5 At the end of June, when the locust spot occurs in the first half of June, it is sprayed with 25% Aketai 6g-10g per acre, or 44% worm oil 30ml-60ml plus water 30kg; in mid-June, 10% quick-killing insects per acre 2kg, mixed with fine soil l0kg ridges around the roots of peanuts to control cockroaches, golden worms, etc.; in early July, 40% of Dakoon 80ml per acre, 30kg of water sprayed 1 times -2 times to prevent leaf spot and rust; Early watering: in the flowering period, the pod-forming period, and the pod fullness period, it is necessary to timely drought-resistant watering; the control is prosperous: in the period from the needle to the pod-forming period of the peanut, the high temperature is high with the rainfall during the rainy season. When the wet comes, it is easy to cause prosperous. Therefore, regulate physiological and biochemical functions, increase dry matter accumulation, improve quality, increase yield; to prevent premature aging, about 40 days before peanut harvest, 1.5%-2% urea per acre plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate 250g-300g, 50 kg of water, foliar spray 2 times -3 times, every 7 days -10 days, the spray should be carried out after 4 pm.
Sixth, timely harvest of peanuts improper harvest, premature harvest of pods is not full, the young shells of the fruit shells over the sputum, resulting in reduced production; harvest too late, fruit stalks, pods easy to fall off, not easy to harvest also caused production cuts. When the top of the peanut fruit leaves turn yellow, when the temperature is lower than 10 °C in the evening, the network of the shell is clear and hard, and the kernels are rosy before harvesting. At this time, the peanut pods are full, the fruit stalks are continuous, and the pods are not easy to fall off, ensuring high yield and high efficiency.
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