Late planting rapeseed winter tube focus on fertilization

Most late-planted and weeded rapeseed crops are transplanted during the rainy season. Due to severe soil compaction, it's crucial to cultivate the soil promptly. This helps loosen the ground, improves root development, and allows the transplanted plants to establish more effectively. Cultivating also helps remove weeds and break up clods, promoting better soil structure. When the rapeseed starts to recover, deep cultivation is recommended to ensure the soil is loose and well-drained. At the same time, the field's drainage system—ditches, furrows, and side ditches—should be cleaned to ensure proper water flow, preventing waterlogging and helping raise the soil temperature. After transplanting, it's important to apply seedling fertilizer as soon as possible. A common recommendation is 3–5 kg of urea, 5 kg of potassium chloride, and 300–500 g of boron fertilizer per mu, along with 750–1000 kg of diluted manure or compost. Alternatively, 45–50 kg of ammonium sulfate per acre can be used. Applying these nutrients early helps the plants recover quickly and take full advantage of the warmer temperatures that follow good weather, which encourages leaf and root growth. For heavy fertilization, organic fertilizers are typically preferred. In medium-fertility fields, applying 1000–1500 kg of pig manure per mu, along with 10–12 kg of superphosphate and 5–7.5 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, mixed together and applied in the rows, can help maintain warmth, promote root development, protect roots, and improve plant vigor. Applying a foliar spray of phosphate fertilizer can enhance the cold resistance of the rapeseed. To prepare this solution, mix 2 kg of fine phosphate fertilizer with water in a container and let it soak for a week. Afterward, add 200 g of urea and spray it on the leaves. If the solution runs low, a small amount of clean water can be added. It's best to spray on a sunny afternoon when there's no strong wind to reduce evaporation and maximize absorption. Spraying should be done every one to two weeks. Observations show that after the first application, some yellowed leaves begin to turn green again within three days, and growth accelerates rapidly. A second application leads to an increase in the number of leaves—from four or five to eight or nine—and the leaves become greener, stronger, and thicker. Controlling early flowering in both early and late rapeseed is essential, especially when nutrient growth is excessive before winter. To manage this, deep cultivation can be carried out on well-developed fields. For weaker fields, reapplying nitrogen fertilizer can slow down vegetative growth, increase biomass, and prevent premature flowering. To strengthen seedlings during spring, especially for late-planted rapeseed, applying 8–10 kg of urea per acre after the start of spring and an additional 5–7 kg after the tillering stage is recommended. This helps build a strong seedling framework, leading to higher yields. It’s also important to prevent downy mildew, which can occur after late spring planting. Pesticides such as virulence and chlorhexidine can be used during the flowering stage to control the disease effectively. Author: Cao Di ring Source: Farmers Daily

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