Many kinds of materials can meet the requirements of the valve in a variety of operating conditions. However, the correct and reasonable choice of valve body material can obtain the most economical service life and best performance of the valve. Common body materials are shown in the table below.
Commonly used valve body material description 1. <br> <br> gray cast iron gray cast iron valves for its low price, wide application and applied in various fields of industry. They are usually used in water, steam, oil and gas media, and are widely used in chemical industry, printing and dyeing, oiling, textiles and many other industrial products that have little or no impact on iron pollution. It is suitable for low pressure valves with working temperature between -15 and 200°C and nominal pressure PN ≤ 1.6MPa.
2. <br> <br> black heart malleable cast iron suitable for operating temperature between -15 ~ 300 ℃, nominal pressure PN≤2.5MPa the low-pressure valve. Suitable media for water, seawater, gas, ammonia and so on.
3. <br> <br> ductile iron is a ductile iron, this cast iron, or spheroidal graphite slug substituted in the flake graphite gray cast iron. This change in the internal structure of the metal makes its mechanical properties better than ordinary gray cast iron without compromising other properties. Therefore, valves made of ductile iron use higher pressure than those made of gray cast iron. Suitable for medium and low pressure valves with operating temperature between -30 and 350°C and nominal pressure PN ≤ 4.0MPa. The applicable medium is water, seawater, steam, air, gas, oil and so on.
4. Carbon Steel (WCA, WCB, WCC)
The initial development of cast steel was to accommodate production requirements that exceeded the capabilities of cast iron valves and bronze valves. However, due to the general good performance of the carbon steel valve and its high resistance to stress caused by thermal expansion, impact loads and pipeline deformation, it expands its scope of use, often including working conditions with cast iron valves and bronze valves. . Suitable for medium and high pressure valves with an operating temperature of -29 to 425°C. Among them, 16Mn and 30Mn are used between -40 and 400°C, and are often used instead of ASTM A105. Suitable media are saturated steam and superheated steam. High and low temperature oil, liquefied gas, compressed air, water, natural gas and so on.
5. Low temperature carbon steel (LCB)
Low-temperature carbon steels and low-nickel alloy steels can be used for temperatures below zero, but they cannot be extended to cryogenic areas. Valves made from these materials are suitable for the following media such as seawater, carbon dioxide, acetylene, propylene, and ethylene. Suitable for cryogenic valves with a working temperature of –46 to 345°C.
6. Low alloy steel (WC6, WC9)
Valves made of low-alloy steels (such as carbon-molybdenum steel and chromium-molybdenum steel) can be used for many types of working media, including saturated and superheated steam, cold and hot oils, natural gas, and air. The working temperature of the carbon steel valve can be used up to 500°C, and low alloy steel valves can be used up to 600°C. At high temperatures, low alloy steels have higher mechanical properties than carbon steels. High temperature and high pressure valves for non-corrosive media with operating temperatures between –29 and 595°C; C5, C12 for high temperature and high pressure valves with corrosive media operating between –29 and 650°C.
7. <br> <br> austenitic stainless austenitic stainless steel containing about 18% chromium and 8% nickel. 18-8 Austenite stainless steel is often used as a valve body and bonnet material under conditions of excessively high temperatures and low temperatures as well as strong corrosion conditions. The addition of molybdenum to 18-8 stainless steel as a substrate and a slight increase in nickel content substantially increase its corrosion resistance. Valves made of this kind of steel can be used in a large number of chemical applications such as acetic acid, nitric acid, alkalis, bleaches, foods, fruit juices, carbonic acid, tanning liquors and many other chemical products. In order to apply the high temperature range and further change the composition of the material, yttrium is added to this stainless steel, which is what we know as 18-10-Nb, and the temperature can be used at 800°C. Austenitic stainless steels are usually used at very low temperatures and do not become brittle, so valves made of this material (such as 18-8 and 18-10-3Mo) are well suited for operation at low temperatures. For example, transport liquid gases such as natural gas, biogas, oxygen, and nitrogen. Suitable for valves with corrosive media operating between –196 and 600 °C. Austenitic stainless steel is also an ideal cryogenic valve material.
8. Monel 'Monel' is a high nickel-copper alloy with excellent corrosion resistance. This material is often used in the delivery of alkalis, salt solutions, foods and many non-gas acid valves, especially sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid. 'Monel' alloys are ideal for steam, seawater and marine environments. Mainly applicable to valves containing fluorochloric acid medium.
9. Hastelloy <br> <br> valve mainly used in corrosive medium, sulfuric acid or the like. (1) 'Hast' alloy B This alloy contains 60% nickel, 30% molybdenum and 5% iron. It is particularly resistant to the strong corrosion of inorganic acids, 'Ha's' alloy 'B' can be used for boiling temperature in various concentrations of hydrochloric acid, and for sulfuric acid, in the most corrosive concentrations can be used to 70 °C. For phosphoric acid, it can be under a variety of conditions, and 'Hast' alloy 'B' is also very suitable for ammonium chloride, zinc chloride, aluminum sulfate and ammonium sulfate. In an oxidizing atmosphere, 'Hast' alloy 'B' can be used at about 800°C. In a reducing atmosphere, the operating temperature can be higher. (2) 'Hast' alloy C This alloy is a nickel-base alloy containing 15% chromium and 17% molybdenum. It can be used at 1100°C in both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. It has good corrosion resistance to hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. And in many cases, it can also be used for nitric acid. 'Hastler' alloy 'C' has strong corrosion resistance to chlorides, hydrochlorides, sulfides, oxide solutions and many other corrosive media. It is also particularly suitable for hydrohalogenic media, such as hydrofluoric acid.
10. Titanium <br> <br> valve is mainly applied to a variety of highly corrosive media.
11. Many of the valves used in the cast copper alloy industry are made of non-ferrous metal materials, mainly bronze and brass. The proportion of copper, tin, lead, and zinc in bronze alloys used to make valves is typically 85:5:5:5 or 87:7:3:3. If you need zinc-free bronze, you must explain it. Bronze's physical strength, structural stability, and corrosion resistance make it particularly suitable for industrial production. Industrial bronze valves have caliber up to 100mm. Bronze valves are often used at relatively moderate temperatures. Some bronzes are available at about 280°C. In terms of low temperature, most copper alloys have the property of being not brittle at very low temperatures, which makes bronze widely used in low temperature conditions such as liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, and its temperature is below -180°C.
No. 12.20 alloy <br> <br> under ordinary stainless steel incapable of very stringent conditions, makes a kind of steel is most interested in high-alloy stainless steel. Perhaps the most common type is Alloy 20 steel. It contains 29% of nickel, 20% of chromium, plus molybdenum and copper. This alloy has a strong resistance to various temperatures and concentrations of sulfuric acid. In addition, in most cases, it can also be used in phosphoric acid and acetic acid media, especially in the presence of chlorides and other impurities.
13. Application development trend of two-way stainless steel <br> <br> two-way stainless steel (austenitic ferritic structure or structures). This kind of steel contains 20% or more of chromium and about 5% of nickel, as well as a certain amount of molybdenum. These alloys have better strength and hardness than ordinary austenitic stainless steels, and they are very harsh in sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. The ability to resist localized corrosion is strong. It is mainly used in valves for oxygen pipelines and seawater pipelines operating at temperatures between –273 and 200°C.
14. Plastic, ceramic <br> <br> Both belong to non-metallic materials. The most important feature of non-metallic valves is their strong corrosion resistance, and they even have advantages that metal valves cannot. (Plastics and ceramic valves generally cannot be used alone as valve body materials, and steel materials are used as the skeleton.) Generally applicable to corrosive media with nominal pressure PN≤1.6MPa and working temperature not exceeding 60°C, non-toxic plastic valves are also applicable In the water supply industry.
Full text: Body material, body material selection table, body material description, Shanghai Yousen Valve Co., Ltd., heavy quality valve company!
Commonly used valve body material description 1. <br> <br> gray cast iron gray cast iron valves for its low price, wide application and applied in various fields of industry. They are usually used in water, steam, oil and gas media, and are widely used in chemical industry, printing and dyeing, oiling, textiles and many other industrial products that have little or no impact on iron pollution. It is suitable for low pressure valves with working temperature between -15 and 200°C and nominal pressure PN ≤ 1.6MPa.
2. <br> <br> black heart malleable cast iron suitable for operating temperature between -15 ~ 300 ℃, nominal pressure PN≤2.5MPa the low-pressure valve. Suitable media for water, seawater, gas, ammonia and so on.
3. <br> <br> ductile iron is a ductile iron, this cast iron, or spheroidal graphite slug substituted in the flake graphite gray cast iron. This change in the internal structure of the metal makes its mechanical properties better than ordinary gray cast iron without compromising other properties. Therefore, valves made of ductile iron use higher pressure than those made of gray cast iron. Suitable for medium and low pressure valves with operating temperature between -30 and 350°C and nominal pressure PN ≤ 4.0MPa. The applicable medium is water, seawater, steam, air, gas, oil and so on.
4. Carbon Steel (WCA, WCB, WCC)
The initial development of cast steel was to accommodate production requirements that exceeded the capabilities of cast iron valves and bronze valves. However, due to the general good performance of the carbon steel valve and its high resistance to stress caused by thermal expansion, impact loads and pipeline deformation, it expands its scope of use, often including working conditions with cast iron valves and bronze valves. . Suitable for medium and high pressure valves with an operating temperature of -29 to 425°C. Among them, 16Mn and 30Mn are used between -40 and 400°C, and are often used instead of ASTM A105. Suitable media are saturated steam and superheated steam. High and low temperature oil, liquefied gas, compressed air, water, natural gas and so on.
5. Low temperature carbon steel (LCB)
Low-temperature carbon steels and low-nickel alloy steels can be used for temperatures below zero, but they cannot be extended to cryogenic areas. Valves made from these materials are suitable for the following media such as seawater, carbon dioxide, acetylene, propylene, and ethylene. Suitable for cryogenic valves with a working temperature of –46 to 345°C.
6. Low alloy steel (WC6, WC9)
Valves made of low-alloy steels (such as carbon-molybdenum steel and chromium-molybdenum steel) can be used for many types of working media, including saturated and superheated steam, cold and hot oils, natural gas, and air. The working temperature of the carbon steel valve can be used up to 500°C, and low alloy steel valves can be used up to 600°C. At high temperatures, low alloy steels have higher mechanical properties than carbon steels. High temperature and high pressure valves for non-corrosive media with operating temperatures between –29 and 595°C; C5, C12 for high temperature and high pressure valves with corrosive media operating between –29 and 650°C.
7. <br> <br> austenitic stainless austenitic stainless steel containing about 18% chromium and 8% nickel. 18-8 Austenite stainless steel is often used as a valve body and bonnet material under conditions of excessively high temperatures and low temperatures as well as strong corrosion conditions. The addition of molybdenum to 18-8 stainless steel as a substrate and a slight increase in nickel content substantially increase its corrosion resistance. Valves made of this kind of steel can be used in a large number of chemical applications such as acetic acid, nitric acid, alkalis, bleaches, foods, fruit juices, carbonic acid, tanning liquors and many other chemical products. In order to apply the high temperature range and further change the composition of the material, yttrium is added to this stainless steel, which is what we know as 18-10-Nb, and the temperature can be used at 800°C. Austenitic stainless steels are usually used at very low temperatures and do not become brittle, so valves made of this material (such as 18-8 and 18-10-3Mo) are well suited for operation at low temperatures. For example, transport liquid gases such as natural gas, biogas, oxygen, and nitrogen. Suitable for valves with corrosive media operating between –196 and 600 °C. Austenitic stainless steel is also an ideal cryogenic valve material.
8. Monel 'Monel' is a high nickel-copper alloy with excellent corrosion resistance. This material is often used in the delivery of alkalis, salt solutions, foods and many non-gas acid valves, especially sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid. 'Monel' alloys are ideal for steam, seawater and marine environments. Mainly applicable to valves containing fluorochloric acid medium.
9. Hastelloy <br> <br> valve mainly used in corrosive medium, sulfuric acid or the like. (1) 'Hast' alloy B This alloy contains 60% nickel, 30% molybdenum and 5% iron. It is particularly resistant to the strong corrosion of inorganic acids, 'Ha's' alloy 'B' can be used for boiling temperature in various concentrations of hydrochloric acid, and for sulfuric acid, in the most corrosive concentrations can be used to 70 °C. For phosphoric acid, it can be under a variety of conditions, and 'Hast' alloy 'B' is also very suitable for ammonium chloride, zinc chloride, aluminum sulfate and ammonium sulfate. In an oxidizing atmosphere, 'Hast' alloy 'B' can be used at about 800°C. In a reducing atmosphere, the operating temperature can be higher. (2) 'Hast' alloy C This alloy is a nickel-base alloy containing 15% chromium and 17% molybdenum. It can be used at 1100°C in both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. It has good corrosion resistance to hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. And in many cases, it can also be used for nitric acid. 'Hastler' alloy 'C' has strong corrosion resistance to chlorides, hydrochlorides, sulfides, oxide solutions and many other corrosive media. It is also particularly suitable for hydrohalogenic media, such as hydrofluoric acid.
10. Titanium <br> <br> valve is mainly applied to a variety of highly corrosive media.
11. Many of the valves used in the cast copper alloy industry are made of non-ferrous metal materials, mainly bronze and brass. The proportion of copper, tin, lead, and zinc in bronze alloys used to make valves is typically 85:5:5:5 or 87:7:3:3. If you need zinc-free bronze, you must explain it. Bronze's physical strength, structural stability, and corrosion resistance make it particularly suitable for industrial production. Industrial bronze valves have caliber up to 100mm. Bronze valves are often used at relatively moderate temperatures. Some bronzes are available at about 280°C. In terms of low temperature, most copper alloys have the property of being not brittle at very low temperatures, which makes bronze widely used in low temperature conditions such as liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, and its temperature is below -180°C.
No. 12.20 alloy <br> <br> under ordinary stainless steel incapable of very stringent conditions, makes a kind of steel is most interested in high-alloy stainless steel. Perhaps the most common type is Alloy 20 steel. It contains 29% of nickel, 20% of chromium, plus molybdenum and copper. This alloy has a strong resistance to various temperatures and concentrations of sulfuric acid. In addition, in most cases, it can also be used in phosphoric acid and acetic acid media, especially in the presence of chlorides and other impurities.
13. Application development trend of two-way stainless steel <br> <br> two-way stainless steel (austenitic ferritic structure or structures). This kind of steel contains 20% or more of chromium and about 5% of nickel, as well as a certain amount of molybdenum. These alloys have better strength and hardness than ordinary austenitic stainless steels, and they are very harsh in sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. The ability to resist localized corrosion is strong. It is mainly used in valves for oxygen pipelines and seawater pipelines operating at temperatures between –273 and 200°C.
14. Plastic, ceramic <br> <br> Both belong to non-metallic materials. The most important feature of non-metallic valves is their strong corrosion resistance, and they even have advantages that metal valves cannot. (Plastics and ceramic valves generally cannot be used alone as valve body materials, and steel materials are used as the skeleton.) Generally applicable to corrosive media with nominal pressure PN≤1.6MPa and working temperature not exceeding 60°C, non-toxic plastic valves are also applicable In the water supply industry.
Full text: Body material, body material selection table, body material description, Shanghai Yousen Valve Co., Ltd., heavy quality valve company!
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