Now many people begin to design the basement. Because the basement is easy to be wet, the waterproofing problem should be taken seriously during decoration. In the end how to do basement waterproofing is correct? Waterproof in basement level needs rigid and flexible combination, multi-channel fortification. In this issue, we talk about professional waterproofing in the basement.
Basement waterproofing design basic requirements:
(1) The waterproofing design scheme for basement buildings should follow the basic principle of “prevention first†and “row supplementationâ€. It should be based on local conditions, advanced design, waterproof and reliable, and economical and reasonable. It can be designed according to the requirement of basement waterproof engineering protection table.
(2) Design of general basement waterproofing works. The external walls are mainly resistant to water pressure or self-waterproofing, and then waterproof outside the coiled material (that is, facing the water surface); the waterproofing method of the coiled material shall comply with relevant regulations of the state.
(III) The underground works are relatively complex. The underground soil quality, water quality, and groundwater level must be known when designing. Effective design is adopted to ensure waterproof quality.
(4) When the maximum water level of the basement is higher than that of the basement floor, the design of the basement shall consider the integral reinforced concrete structure to ensure the waterproof effect.
(5) The determination of the elevation of the basement fortification shall be based on the highest water level elevation provided by the survey data, plus 500mm for the elevation of the fortification. The upper part may be treated for moisture protection, and the surface water may be designed according to the safe and waterproof basement.
(6) Basement waterproofing. According to the actual situation, flexible waterproofing or rigid waterproofing may be adopted. If necessary, a rigid-flexible combined waterproofing scheme may be adopted. Under special requirements, multiple defense schemes such as overhead and clip walls can be used.
(7) When the underground outdoor waterproof working face is used, external defense in-paste method may be adopted, and the condition may be changed to external protection and external adhesion method construction.
(8) For the protection of the underground outdoor waterproof layer, a soft protective layer such as polystyrene board may be adopted.
(9) For the special parts, such as deformation joints, construction joints, wall pipe, buried parts and other weak links should be carefully designed and detailed treatment is required.
Basement waterproof practices Scope of application:
(a) The practice applies to basement waterproof or semi-basement waterproofing works for general civil and industrial buildings.
(2) The design and construction of the basement waterproofing project shall comply with the requirements of advanced technology, quality assurance, economical reasonableness, safety and reliability.
(3) This recommended practice follows the principle of combining prevention, drainage, cutting, and blocking, adjusting measures to local conditions, and comprehensive management. In the selection of materials can be used to promote the use of polymer modified bitumen membrane, synthetic polymer waterproof membrane, synthetic polymer waterproof coating, UEA compensation shrink waterproof concrete and other new materials, new technologies. In construction, new techniques such as cold-bonding, hot-melting, and adding water-repellent concrete should be adopted to improve the quality of basement waterproofing projects, prevent engineering leakage, and promote the continuous development of waterproof technology.
Basement waterproofing basic requirements:
(I) Preliminary preparation
1. Review the drawings before construction, understand the waterproof detailed structures and technical requirements in the construction drawings of the basement, and prepare the construction plans or technical measures for the waterproofing of the basement.
2. The basement waterproofing construction should be carried out according to various procedures for acceptance. Only after qualified can the next process be carried out.
3. The waterproof material used should have a factory qualification certificate and a waterproof material use certificate issued by the Beijing Construction Committee. The material must meet the design requirements. Waterproof material enters the scene, should carry on the scene sampling reexamination according to the stipulation, after the reexamination qualified can use.
4. The basement waterproofing project must be constructed by a waterproof professional team. Its technical person in charge and the team leader must hold the waterproof construction personnel's certificate issued by the Municipal Construction Committee.
5. The use of this recommended practice must comply with the state's current safety fire protection and environmental protection regulations.
(B) Operating conditions
1. The base level 15-20mm thick 1:3 cement mortar screed should have sufficient strength. The screeding layer should be flattened by calendering, solid, firm, and free of sand, and it must not have irregularities, looseness, bulges, cracks, and pockmarks. The flatness shall be checked with a 2m length ruler. The gap between the leveling layer and the ruler shall not exceed 5mm.
2. The surface of the screed must be clean and dry with a moisture content of no more than 9%.
3. At the intersection of the floor leveling layer and the vertical wall, the yin and yang angles at the intersection of the leveling layer and the sump, pit, etc. shall be rounded. The radius of the arc should be selected according to the type of coiled material according to Table 2.
4. The slope of the screed should meet the requirements of the design and relevant regulations, and no local accumulation of water is allowed.
(III) Precautions
1. The construction materials and auxiliary materials are mostly flammable materials. The storage warehouse and construction site must meet the national fire protection regulations. The use of xylene and other solvents should have appropriate anti-virus measures.
2. The operator must wear a safety helmet when working in the basement waterproofing engineering site.
3. Polymer modified bituminous waterproof membrane hot-melt construction environment temperature of not less than -10oC; synthetic polymer waterproof membrane on-site construction of not less than -5oC; synthetic polymer waterproof coating is generally not suitable for winter construction, if indeed urgently needed During construction, the ambient temperature should be greater than 0oC. Rain, snow, and five winds are not allowed to be constructed.
4. Pay attention to finished product protection. Waterproof construction must be coordinated with relevant process operations, and the waterproof professional team and relevant construction operators should jointly protect the waterproof layer from damage. Do not wear waterproof shoes with spiked shoes.
5. Labor organizations can adjust according to changes in the construction work surface, generally 5-8 people per group.
Basement Waterproofing Acceptance and Warranty Period:
(a) The quality of basement waterproofing works should meet the following requirements.
1. The waterproof layer of the completed construction shall not have leakage or water accumulation.
2. All materials must meet quality standards and design requirements.
3. The method of waterproof layer laying and the sequence of web overlap shall conform to the construction process regulations. The overlap width shall comply with the requirements of the First Schedule. The overlap seam must be firmly, accurately, and strictly sealed and sealed at the edge of the seam. The cover bead must be firmly bonded and the gap should be tightly sealed. The surface of the coil is flat and the head is firm. The total thickness of the synthetic polymer waterproof coating shall not be less than 2mm, and the surface of the waterproof layer shall be smooth without wrinkling.
4. The detailed construction practice must meet the design requirements.
5. Every person who completes a process should have a special person to inspect, especially if the concealed project is to be qualified. After the experience is collected, the next process can be carried out.
6. After the construction of the basement waterproofing project is completed, all technical data shall be promptly sorted out and archival work shall be done.
(b) Warranty period
The warranty period for basement waterproofing works should not be less than 3 years. The contract is signed by the construction and use unit. Any leaks during the warranty period will be repaired by the construction company. The cost will be borne by the responsible party.
Basement waterproof coating practices:
Construction sequence: Primary treatment Coating Primer coating First coating film Waterproof layer Coating surface Coating Waterproof layer Quality inspection Acceptance of inspection The next step of coil construction.
Before construction, it should be inspected. The grass-roots level should be solid and have a certain strength, and there should be no floating soil sand and other pollutants on the surface. The base should be dry and the moisture content should be less than 9%.
The coating sequence should be vertical, followed by the horizontal plane, the first yin and yang angles and the detail after the coating surface should be straight.
Basement waterproofing practices:
1. The waterproof project of outdoor enclosure structure is divided into concrete structure engineering and anti-permeability structural waterproofing. The base floor impermeability rating of the basement is 0.6Mpa. The mix ratio of the concrete shall be determined by the laboratory and the impermeability rating shall be one level (0.2Mpa) higher than the design rating.
2, the base floor waterproof layer is two, the use of membrane - paint combination waterproof control. The coil is made of 1.5-mm-thick EPDM rubber waterproof membrane, and the waterproof coating is 2-inch thick polyurethane waterproof coating.
3, underground outdoor enclosure structure In addition to the underground outdoor wall anti-permeability structure waterproof, the same two waterproof layers, using a coil - coating combination of waterproofing program, the coil using 1.5? Thick EPDM rubber waterproof membrane, The waterproof coating uses 2? thick polyurethane waterproof coating. The protective layer of the waterproof layer is made of 40 thick polystyrene board. The outer wall of the side wall protection layer is excavated within one meter and layered with 2:8 lime soil for ramming and backfilling. Compaction coefficient >0.95.
4, the basement roof is not in the upper part of the building body, the top plate should be waterproof, the waterproof layer also uses the coil - coating combination of waterproofing program, waterproof layer protection layer is 50 thick C20 fine stone rake.
Basement waterproof design basic requirements:
1. Basement waterproofing engineering design plan should follow the basic principle of prevention, priority to row, suit local conditions, advanced design, waterproof and reliable, economical and reasonable. It can be designed according to the requirement of basement waterproof engineering protection table.
2, the general basement waterproof engineering design, the main external wall of the water pressure or self-water-proof, and then do outside the coil waterproof (that is, meet the water surface treatment), coil waterproof practices, in accordance with relevant state regulations.
3, underground engineering is more complex, the design must understand the underground soil quality, water quality and groundwater level conditions, take effective protection designed to ensure waterproof quality.
4. When the maximum water level in the basement is higher than the basement floor, the basement design should consider the entire reinforced concrete structure to ensure the waterproof effect.
5. The determination of the basement fortification elevation shall be based on the highest water level elevation provided by the survey data, plus 500mm for the elevation of the fortification. The upper part may be treated for moisture protection, and the surface water may be designed according to the safety and waterproof basement.
6, basement waterproof, according to the actual situation, can be flexible waterproof or rigid waterproof, if necessary, can use rigid and flexible combination of waterproof program. Under special requirements, multiple defense schemes such as overhead and clip walls can be used.
7, underground outdoor waterproof work surface, can be used inside the external defense method, conditions have been converted to external defense outside the method of construction.
8, the protection of outdoor waterproof layer, you can take a soft protective layer, such as polystyrene board.
9, for special parts, such as deformation joints, construction joints, wall pipe, embedded parts and other weak links to be carefully designed, as required for detailed treatment.
Basement waterproof construction requirements:
1. The base level 15-20mm thick 1:3 cement mortar screed should have sufficient strength. The screeding layer should be flattened by calendering, solid, firm, and free from sand, and it must not have irregularities, looseness, bulges, cracks, and pockmarks. The flatness shall be checked with a 2m length ruler. The gap between the leveling layer and the ruler shall not exceed 5mm.
2. The surface of the screed must be clean and dry with a moisture content of no more than 9%.
3. At the junction between the floor leveling layer and the vertical wall, the yin and yang angles at the intersection of the leveling layer and the sump, pit, etc. shall be rounded. The radius of the arc should be selected according to the type of coiled material according to Table 2.
4. The slope of the screed should meet the requirements of the design and related regulations, and no local accumulation of water is allowed.
Basement waterproof construction precautions:
1. The construction materials and auxiliary materials are mostly flammable materials. The storage warehouse and construction site must meet the national fire protection regulations. The use of xylene and other solvents should have appropriate anti-virus measures.
2. The operator must wear a safety helmet when working in the basement waterproofing engineering site.
3. Polymer modified bituminous waterproof membrane hot-melt construction environment temperature of not less than -10oC; synthetic polymer waterproof membrane on-site construction of not less than -5oC; synthetic polymer waterproof coating is generally not suitable for winter construction, if indeed urgently needed During construction, the ambient temperature should be greater than 0oC. Rain, snow, and five winds are not allowed to be constructed.
4. Pay attention to finished product protection. Waterproof construction must be coordinated with relevant process operations, and the waterproof professional team and relevant construction operators should jointly protect the waterproof layer from damage. Do not wear waterproof shoes with spiked shoes.
In the basement, more attention should be paid to the construction and decoration. Learn to master the moisture-proof and waterproof practices so that the quality of living can be improved.