The insulation system is typically divided into five major categories. These include: (1) the EPS board thin plaster exterior insulation system, (2) the EPS mortar thin plaster system, (3) the cast-in-place concrete EPS exterior wall insulation, (4) the cast-in-place steel wire mesh EPS exterior insulation, and (5) the mechanically fixed EPS external wall insulation.
According to national standards, the normal service life of an external insulation system should be no less than 25 years. This ensures long-term performance and energy efficiency for buildings.
One of the most commonly used systems is the EPS board thin plastering exterior insulation system. It offers several advantages, including high energy-saving efficiency, elimination of temperature gradients on walls, and the absence of thermal bridges. These features make it a popular choice for modern construction projects.
The EPS board thin plastering exterior insulation system involves using polystyrene boards as the primary insulation material. It is reinforced with glass fiber mesh, and protected by a layer of primer and finish coating. The system is either bonded or mechanically fixed, with a total protective layer thickness of less than 6mm.
The shield stone exterior insulation system falls under the category of EPS board thin plastering systems. It is designed to provide excellent thermal performance and durability.
The composition of the shield stone external insulation system includes: (1) an adhesive layer, (2) polystyrene board (EPS board) with a density of 18–22kg/m³, (3) a leveling layer, (4) a glass fiber net (standard reinforcing net), and (5) a finishing layer such as putty and paint.
For optimal performance, the base substrate must meet certain conditions. The tensile strength of the base itself should be at least 1.5MPa, and the field pull-off strength should not be less than 0.3MPa. Additionally, the bonding interface disengagement area should not exceed 50%.
Good substrate conditions include: (1) being dry, free from frost, and structurally strong; (2) having no floating dust, mold release agent residue, or materials that cannot be bonded; (3) maintaining good flatness; and (4) being free from pipes or other obstructions.
When selecting materials for the insulation system, it's important to consider the following:
(1) EPS boards should have a density of 18–22kg/m³, meet size requirements, and have an aging time of at least 25 days. Proper storage is also essential.
(2) Glass fiber mesh should have good alkali resistance, which can be categorized as either alkali-resistant or ultra-alkali-resistant.
(3) The tensile bond strength between the dry mortar and the base (for cement-based substrates) should be at least 0.6MPa, with water resistance of no less than 0.4MPa.
(4) The tensile bond strength between the dry mortar and the EPS board should be at least 0.1MPa, with damage occurring on the EPS board itself.
(5) The working time of the mortar should be between 1.5 and 4.0 hours, allowing sufficient time for application and finishing.
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