The insulation system is typically divided into five main categories. These include: (1) the EPS board thin plastering exterior insulation system, (2) the EPS mortar thin plaster system, (3) the cast-in-place concrete EPS exterior wall insulation, (4) the cast-in-place steel wire grid EPS insulation, and (5) the mechanically fixed EPS external wall insulation.
According to national standards, the normal service life of an external insulation system should be no less than 25 years. This ensures long-term performance and durability in various environmental conditions.
One of the most commonly used systems is the EPS board thin plastering exterior insulation. It offers several advantages such as high energy efficiency, elimination of wall temperature gradients, and the prevention of thermal bridging. This makes it a popular choice for both residential and commercial buildings.
The EPS board thin plastering system involves using polystyrene boards as the primary insulation material, reinforced with glass fiber mesh. A bonding agent or mechanical fastening is used to secure the system, with a protective layer that is less than 6mm thick. This system is also known as the "shield stone" exterior insulation system.
The shield stone external insulation system consists of several key components: (1) an adhesive layer, (2) the EPS board (with a density between 18-22kg/m³), (3) a base coat, (4) a glass fiber mesh (standard reinforcing net), and (5) a finishing layer such as putty or paint.
For optimal performance, the substrate must meet certain requirements. The tensile strength of the base material should be at least 1.5MPa, and the bond strength should not be less than 0.3MPa. Additionally, the area of disengagement at the bonding interface should not exceed 50%.
A good substrate condition includes being dry, free from frost, and sufficiently strong. The surface should have no floating dust, mold release agents, or materials that could interfere with adhesion. It should also be flat and free from obstructions like water pipes.
When selecting materials for the insulation system, the following guidelines should be considered:
(1) EPS board: Density should be between 18-22kg/m³, with proper size and aging time of at least 25 days. Storage should be in a suitable environment.
(2) Glass fiber mesh: Should have good alkali resistance, either standard or high-performance types.
(3) Dry mortar adhesion to the base: Tensile bond strength should be ≥0.6MPa (original strength) and ≥0.4MPa after water exposure.
(4) Dry mortar adhesion to EPS board: Tensile bond strength should be ≥0.1MPa, with failure occurring on the EPS board itself.
(5) Mortar workability time should be between 1.5 to 4.0 hours.
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