The cultivation of shiitake mushrooms is a new cultivation method in the production of edible fungi in recent years. Its main features are the use of high temperature seasons and the production of shiitake mushrooms in the off-season, which increases the benefits and has good development prospects.
　　 In recent years, some mushroom farmers have planted mushrooms to the ground for cultivation, which not only reduces the cost, but also increases the yield. Because of the thick meat and the good shape of the mushroom, it is favored by consumers. The following are the introduction of planting points to farmers and friends for reference.
First, commonly used formula
　　 78% sawdust, 20% wheat bran, 1% gypsum, sugar, 1%, carbon and nitrogen ratio of 14: 1, pH value of 5 to 7, a water content of 55% to 65%. 1000 bags mushroom production ingredients (dry material) as: sawdust 900 kg, 150 kg of wheat bran, 10 kg of gypsum, sugar 10 kg.
Second, the variety and production schedule
　　 Choose the mushroom plant variety L18 . The strain has a medium-sized fruit body, and the flesh is thick, the cap is round and round, and it is not easy to open the umbrella. The surface of the fungus is brown and scaly, and the stipe is thick and thin. The age of the bacteria is 70 to 90 days.
Third, cultivation techniques
　　 1. Raw material selection. Wood chips should be selected from the branches and stalks cut in the same year. Hard wood is preferred. Cottonseed, wheat bran, gypsum powder and other raw materials require no mildew, no agglomeration, and the water quality should be clean and non-polluting.
　　 2. Mixing. According to the ratio, the wood chips, cottonseed, wheat bran, gypsum, sugar, etc. are poured into the mixer in turn, and water is added while stirring, and the ratio of material to water is 1 : 1 to 1.3 . The mixture is evenly distributed, the water absorption is uniform, and the humidity is controlled at about 60% .
　　 3. Make a culture bag. A polyethylene bag with a size of 15.5 x 55 cm is used. Put the plastic bag on the discharge barrel of the bagging machine, naturally pack the bag, and fill it with material. After removing the bag, tighten, secure, and seal. Inspect the bag in time for micro-pore leaks. If the bag is found to be punctured by wood chips, stick it with tape. Each bag weighs 1.8 to 2 kg.
　　 4. Sterilization. It is sterilized by atmospheric pressure. Prepare the sterilization stove, seal the culture bag, seal the surface with a crepe cloth, and fix it on the outer railing of the sterilization stove with a thick rope. First fire on the fire, heat up to 100 °C, so that the sterilization package is raised, then stabilize the fire, keep it at 100 °C for 12 hours, then simmer for 5 hours, when the temperature drops to about 70 °C.
　　 5. Inoculation. The inoculum was started when the bag was cooled to 30 °C, and the production was mainly inoculated with a greenhouse inoculation account. The inoculation account is sterilized before inoculation, and the inoculation device is disinfected with 0.1% potassium permanganate or alcohol. During the operation, the culture bag is placed and punched with a puncher to select a high-quality, non-polluting, hyphae-white and robust strain. The bacteria are clamped into the inoculation hole and pressed tightly, and glued with a tape.
　　 6. Hair growth. The shed is disinfected with sodium dichloroisopropyl urate before the bacteria are sprayed. The shed should be kept dry and dark, and the temperature should be controlled at 15 °C ~ 25 °C, pay attention to ventilation. When the mycelium of the fungus rod grows to 8 to 10 cm long, it will be piled up and dumped to prevent high temperature burning. The bacteria sticks are piled up to 8 to 10 layers, placed in a "well" shape, and it is found that the contaminated bacteria bag should be timely. Isolation culture or rejection.
　　 7. Puncture ventilation. When the mycelium is full of microbial rods, the puncture is ventilated, the hole depth is about 3 cm, and each rod is punctured with 30 to 40 holes, which increases the aeration of the rod, supplements oxygen, accelerates the decomposition of lignin and mycelium nutrients. Accumulation, promote the formation of the primordium of the fruiting body. Be careful not to carry out high temperature under the puncture and oxygen to prevent burning.
　　 8. Take off the bag and go to the ground. When the age of the bacteria reaches about 70 days, the mycelial growth on the bacteria stick reaches physiological maturity, and then it can be placed on the ground.
　　 Before taking off the ground, take off the outer bag of the good mushroom stick, level the mushroom bed and spray water, arrange the bacteria stick neatly, and inoculate the hole. The two bags are separated by 2 cm. Fill the gap between the bags with fine sand or mud. The pressure is tight, and the depth of the soil is about 3 cm from the surface of the mushroom stick . An average of 9 bars per square meter , 7,000 to 7500 bars per acre . After the bacteria stick is placed on the ground, according to the weather conditions, spray water 3 to 4 times a day to ensure that the bacteria stick does not lose water. Be careful not to carry out the wind under the windy weather.
　　 9. Color management. After the bacteria sticks to the ground, it is shaded during the day, and it is ventilated at night, increasing the temperature difference between day and night, stimulating the formation of fungus, and secreting pigment and turning color.
　　 10. Mushroom management. After the color change of the mushroom stick is completed, gently pat the soil bag with the wooden board or the bamboo piece, and stimulate the growth of the mushroom bud by mechanical vibration. After 3 to 5 days, the mushroom buds grow up. At this time, the buds are removed, and the dense and deformed mushroom buds are removed, leaving 8 to 10 bags per bag . As the mushroom bud grows, the amount of water spray is reduced, so that it is less poured and poured, about 6 times a day . The temperature of the mushroom shed is controlled below 25 °C.
　　 After the mushroom is produced, it is picked according to the quality of the mushroom, and it is taken 2 to 3 times a day . After the first Chaoshan mushroom was finished, the water was replenished in time, and the bacteria were sterilized for 7 days, and the second mushroom was picked. As the number of mushrooms increases, the rods will shrink and cracks will form between the rods. It is necessary to smooth the cracks with fine sand or mud to prevent the growth of the mushrooms.
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