[Aluminum.com] Overview of Aluminum Alloys and Their Welding Aluminum and aluminum alloys have very good properties, such as high specific strength and corrosion resistance, and they have very wide applications in many industries, especially in the defense industry. , machinery and other industries, and aluminum alloys are non-ferrous metals, in the application process requires welding, so with the rapid development of science and technology, aluminum alloy welding technology has become more and more in-depth research. Therefore, laser welding technology is a major advance in science and technology.
As a new type of welding technology, laser welding is directly laser welding heat source, which can not only avoid energy waste, but also greatly improve the welding efficiency. At the same time, laser welding uses robots or CNC machine tools as the motion system to reduce the participation of personnel, which can reduce labor waste and improve welding efficiency. The laser heat source not only has the advantages of reproducibility, cleanness, and pollution-free, but also can have a high degree of focusing and good performance transmission. Therefore, all the energy can be concentrated in one point to avoid heat loss and waste. Therefore, laser welding can improve the efficiency and speed of welding and the quality of welding. Because the beam of laser welding is realized by pulse or continuous laser beam, when the laser beam directly irradiates the surface of the aluminum alloy, the heat of the metal surface can be quickly diffused into the interior of the aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy is rapidly melted to form A weld seam, while forming a reaction force on the melted metal, eventually recesses the surface of the molten aluminum alloy to form small holes. This small hole has a powerful effect, can fully absorb the energy generated by the laser beam irradiation, and at the same time generate high-temperature steam. The steam pressure and the tension on the surface of the wall form a dynamic balance.
1, laser welding of power laser welding has a certain power, only when the welding power reaches a certain height, in order to allow the welding to be stable and continuous, otherwise the welding can only work on the surface of the aluminum alloy, making the aluminum alloy surface Melting, so that welding can not be carried out successfully. The power of laser welding can reach the height of all welding on the surface of the aluminum alloy as well as the inside, even higher than this, so the laser welding of aluminum alloy grade can improve efficiency, speed and quality.
2. The laser welding speed is high due to the high laser welding power. Therefore, the welding speed is correspondingly improved. The continuous increase of the welding speed can make the penetration depth decrease. On the contrary, if the speed is slowed down, the aluminum alloy will be excessively welded. Even by welding penetration, therefore, the choice of laser welding can reduce the proportion of welding failure and thus greatly reduce the welding cost.
3, the advantages of laser welding to improve energy density, improve welding quality, increase the accuracy and density of welding, welding efficiency, high speed, low welding costs, can be under special conditions for welding, welding, aluminum alloy has little effect on other parts.
Applications of laser welding in various fields 1. Applications in oil pipelines In oil pipelines, the use of aluminum alloy pipes can increase the diameter of pipes and thicken the walls of oil pipes so that pipes can be transported more in a certain period of time. oil. Petroleum transportation has very high dangers. If oil leaks, it will cause unpredictable property loss, human casualties, environmental pollution, and groundwater pollution. Therefore, aluminum alloy pipelines must pay special attention during welding to improve the quality of welding. Laser welding can play a huge role at this time. Through laser welding, the welding process can be controlled. The welding operation can be carried out without using a groove opening. When the welding is performed at one time, the quality of the weld seam is high. Avoiding the risk of oil spills and improving the safety of oil transportation.
2. Application in the automobile manufacturing industry With the rapid development of the times and the ever-increasing speed of people's living standards, it has become a common practice to go out to ride a car, and people have higher and higher requirements for the quality of automobiles. Therefore, the automotive industry is also constantly In search of new materials and technological means to improve the quality of automobiles, laser welding technology has become more and more widely used in the automotive industry. In the United States, laser welding aluminum alloy technology was introduced into the automotive industry earlier. After a series of experiments, a laser-welded aluminum alloy automobile will be manufactured after laser welding of a thin aluminum alloy, which not only greatly reduces the weight of the vehicle body. , And reduce the manufacturing process of cars, improve the production efficiency, has been welcomed and favored by the majority of the automotive industry.
3. Applications in the aerospace industry As we all know, the aerospace industry requires highly accurate and highly accurate materials to manufacture a series of spacecraft such as aircraft, and the weight requirements for the machines themselves are also very stringent. They are made of laser-welded aluminum alloys. Aircraft and other machines can reduce the number of aircrafts by about 20% compared with the normal time, and their manufacturing costs have also been greatly reduced. For example, the components of the A350 series aircraft produced by laser-welded aluminum alloy technology at a component production plant managed by Germany have achieved great success.
Difficulty of laser welding aluminum alloy technology 1. The surface of aluminum alloy is reflective to laser. Aluminum alloy is a kind of non-ferrous metal and it has strong reflection on all kinds of light. Laser as a more intense beam in aluminum alloy The surface is more likely to cause reflections, in other words, aluminum alloy, which is a non-ferrous metal, has a high reflectivity and a small absorption rate for the laser. In addition, metals are thermally conductive. Therefore, aluminum alloys also have a strong thermal conductivity. When laser welding is used, the laser is reflected or the heat of the laser is quickly led out, which eventually leads to the welding of aluminum alloys. failure. Therefore, in the laser welding of aluminum alloys, it is necessary to strictly pay attention to and rapidly increase the power density of the laser to prevent reflection or conduction, and strive to weld the aluminum alloy with an extremely high density at an extreme time, so that reflection can be avoided. The emergence of such issues.
2, in the laser welding of aluminum alloy to be fully prepared because the aluminum alloy is lively, easy to be oxidized and other characteristics, in its surface is easy to attach a lot of dust and moisture, so in the welding process, if not adequately Preparation, surface attachment of the material is easy with the rapid welding of the laser left on the aluminum alloy surface, thus affecting the quality of aluminum alloy and welding effect. Therefore, before the aluminum alloy is welded, it is necessary to clean the surface of the aluminum alloy and remove the oil on the surface. At the same time, to prevent explosions and other security threats caused by oxidation during welding, it is also necessary to thoroughly clean the oxide film on the metal surface and completely remove the oxide film.
Defects in laser welding of aluminum alloys Although laser welding has high efficiency, high speed, and can significantly reduce costs, laser welding also has many shortcomings. Only by fully identifying and resolving these defects can laser welding aluminum alloys be possible. Technology is more widely used.
1. The defects of pores are proposed in the previous section. Moderate pores can maintain the internal and external balance of aluminum alloys. However, excessive bubbles can have a large number of defects. It is difficult to avoid a large number of pores. When a large number of pores occur, the pores are unstable. The chaos in the interior of the alloy makes it easy to cause cracks in the weld. Therefore, removing the air holes will be a major flaw in the aluminum alloy laser welding technology.
2. Hot cracking defects When applying laser technology, it is necessary to increase the temperature and density to achieve the purpose of rapid welding. This makes it easy to cause special cracks on the surface of the aluminum alloy, which makes the welding failure. In order to deal with hot cracks, scientists have come up with solutions. That is, the use of filler materials in laser welding, but this method is easy to lead to the waste of resources and labor costs. Taking a simpler approach to dealing with hot cracks is also a major issue that the technology is about to solve.
Aluminum alloy laser welding speed has a lot of advantages, has been widely used in a variety of manufacturing areas, but also improves the quality of the machine itself and manufacturing speed, but laser welding technology also has many defects, resulting in the failure of welding, I believe With the continuous efforts of scientists, the welding technology will become more and more mature and applications will become more and more extensive.
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