The concealment of home improvement is more important than the renovation on the surface. Research shows that most of the decoration disputes come from hidden projects. Once the hidden projects are linked to security issues, they must pay more attention to them. For example, if the reform of second-hand housing is not appropriate, it will leave security risks.
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PART 1. Five major security issues in structural transformation
First, for a “brick-and-blend†structure, all prefabricated walls cannot be dismantled or opened.
In particular, brick walls with a thickness of more than 24 cm are generally load-bearing walls and cannot be easily removed or modified. The load-bearing wall bears the weight of the building and maintains the balance of the entire building structure. If the load-bearing wall is dismantled, the balance of this force will be destroyed, and the consequences will be heavy, and no one will be able to afford the threat of life.
In home improvement, besides the load-bearing wall, it cannot be demolished, and the light body wall is not necessarily demountable.
Some light walls also carry part of the weight of the house. For example, the lightweight wall below the crossbeam cannot be removed - it also carries part of the weight of the house. Demolition will also destroy the housing structure.
What walls can be demolished? The light walls and hollow panels that are completely partition walls can be demolished. Because the partition does not bear any pressure at all, the value of existence is to separate the space; it will not cause any impact on the structure of the house.
If you have to dismantle bearing walls, it is not absolutely impossible. The Ministry of Construction has stipulated that if it is necessary to change to a load-bearing wall, for example, the original design unit or a design unit with the same qualification as the original design unit may revise and reinforce the design scheme before the demolition of the load-bearing wall.
In other words, it is necessary to remove it, but it is necessary to reinforce it. However, it must be ensured that reinforcement is a correct and effective reinforcement.
Second, the door frame is embedded in the concrete and should not be removed. If it is demolished or remodeled, it will destroy the building structure, reduce the safety factor, and it will be more difficult to re-install the door.
Third, the low wall of the balcony cannot be removed or changed. There is a window on the wall between the general room and the balcony. The doors and windows can be dismantled, but the wall below the window cannot be removed, because this wall is a “counterweight wall†and it acts like a scale to lift the balcony. The effect is that if the wall is dismantled, the bearing capacity of the balcony will drop, causing the balcony to fall.
Fourth, the columns in the room cannot be changed. Beams and columns are used to support the upper floors. Demolition or renovation will cause the upper floors to fall down. It is very dangerous, so the columns and columns must not be demolished or modified.
Fifth, the steel bars in the wall cannot move. When the pipeline is laid, if the steel bar is damaged, the bearing capacity of the wall and the floor will be affected, leaving potential safety hazards.
PART 2. How much is weight bearing wall?
1, bearing wall knowledge
What kind of wall is a load-bearing wall? In a general brick-concrete structure, any prefabricated wall is a load-bearing wall that cannot be removed or opened. Brick walls above 24 cm are also load-bearing walls. The load-bearing wall must not be moved during the renovation, and even the large area of ​​the hole will not work.
Arbitrary demolition will destroy the weight of the wall. If the structure of the house is likened to the body of an adult, the reinforcement in the wall is the bones of the person. If the reinforcement is damaged when the pipeline is laid, it will affect the bearing capacity of the wall and the floor. In the event of an earthquake, such walls and floors can easily collapse or break. In addition, the beams and columns in the room are used to support the upper floors. After the upper floors are removed, they fall down, so they cannot be moved.
2. How to identify non-bearing wall and bearing wall
Judging by sound: knocking on the wall, there is a crisp echo, is a light wall, and bearing walls should not have too much sound.
Judging by the thickness: The wall thickness of the non-bearing wall in the floor plan is clearly drawn thinner than the load-bearing wall. The load-bearing walls are thicker, second only to the exterior walls, and their thickness is generally around 24 cm.
In general, when the load-bearing wall is a brick wall, the structure is 24 cm thick, the wall thickness in the cold area is 37 cm, the thickness of the concrete wall structure is 20 cm or 16 cm, and the non-bearing walls are 12 cm, 10 cm, and 8 cm.
Judging by location: The outer walls are usually load-bearing walls; the walls shared with neighbors are also load-bearing walls.
PART 3. Care must be taken in structural transformation
1. Be cautious when reconstructing old masonry houses
Unreasonable units, small areas, unreasonable function distribution, aging of electric wires, unreasonable lighting, etc. These are the “common diseases†existing in old houses. Therefore, many people equate new homes with a series of reconstructive projects such as wall-smashing and knocking. In fact, most of the old houses are brick-concrete structures. The wall first plays an important role in bearing earthquake resistance, and the second is the function of enclosing partitions.
If only the load-bearing wall is destroyed in order to achieve an ideal spatial pattern, the weight bearing and seismic resistance of the wall will be weakened, resulting in potential safety hazards. Although the old house cannot be tampered with, it is necessary to recalculate the capacity of the meter, replace the wires, and cause an accident due to the aging of the wires.
2, door
Many homes in the renovation to "excellent shape" will do a lot of demolition of the door, this will destroy the building structure, it will also reduce the safety factor. The door frames of these “three defenses†or “five-defense†doors are embedded in concrete. If any of the buildings is damaged due to arbitrary demolition, it will be more difficult to reinstall new doors.
However, for the transformation of old houses, deformed wooden doors and windows and cracked steel doors and windows must be demolished.
3, bathroom and kitchen
People with a little bit of common sense in earthquakes know that there is a small area of ​​space when earthquakes happen. Small places such as kitchens and bathrooms are safer, but the ground of these spaces cannot be arbitrarily modified. Otherwise, they must be transformed from “safe zones†to “ "Dangerous area". For a half-brick wall of a bathroom, if a support beam is designed to support the wall in the floor structure, it can be removed, otherwise it cannot be removed.
In addition, there is a waterproof layer on the floor of the kitchen and bathroom. If it is damaged, it will allow the water to seep downstairs. The downstairs will become a water curtain hole. Therefore, when replacing the floor materials, be sure not to damage the waterproof layer. In the event of damage, remember to build it as soon as possible and do a “24-hour water seepage testâ€, that is, watering in the kitchen or bathroom, if the leak is not qualified after 24 hours.
4, home indoor earthquake knowledge
1. Fix high furniture to prevent dumping. The furniture items should be laid down and light on. Do not stack heavy items above tall furniture.
2. Remove the fixtures such as lamps and wall clocks or fasten them to prevent them from falling.
3. Clean up debris, make the house, doorway, and corridors open so that people can escape when the earthquake strikes.
4. Place the bed near the inner wall (bearing wall) and keep it away from the hanging lamps.
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