In order to implement the requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture "Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Scab in Wheat Growth Period", further improve the level and ability of wheat scab in China, effectively reduce the damage of disease hazards, promote agricultural quality improvement and pesticide reduction. We will control the quantity and ensure the safety of food production and the quality and safety of agricultural products. Our committee has formulated the "Technical Opinions on Prevention and Control of Wheat Scab in the 2018-2019", and we will implement it in a practical and practical manner.
Wheat scab is the most serious biological disaster to the safety of wheat production in our province. The frequency of epidemic is high and the damage is heavy. Once it is neglected, it will lead to severe reduction of wheat production. More importantly, it will cause excessive contamination of mycotoxins and threaten agricultural products. Quality and safety affect the efficiency of farmers' grain production. Years of experience in prevention and control have shown that to effectively control the damage of scab, it is necessary to implement the concept of green development, adhere to the whole process of control, and start from autumn, comprehensively apply anti-(resistant) disease varieties, fitness cultivation, scientific prevention and control measures, etc. The effect of prevention and control will reduce the damage and damage, and ensure the good harvest of summer grain in the coming year.
1 overall thinking and target requirements
(1) The overall idea. Adhere to the concept of quality first, efficiency priority and green development, implement the high-quality development requirements of agriculture, actively change the prevention and control methods, implement green prevention and control instead of chemical prevention and control, and control the whole process of alternative control, promote the improvement of good varieties, agricultural machinery and agronomy integration, agriculture Measures and chemical control are combined to build a green prevention and control technology model covering the whole growth period of wheat, to effectively reduce the degree of disease damage, reduce the risk of toxin contamination, and achieve sustainable management of wheat scab.
(2) Target requirements. Focusing on the target requirements of “two control and two promotion†(ie, controlling yield loss, controlling toxins exceeding the standard, improving wheat quality, and improving quality and safety), the comprehensive prevention and control effect of scab is more than 85%, and the damage loss rate is controlled at 3%. Within the territory, the coverage of the unified defense rule reached more than 60%; the wheat quality and safety indicators increased significantly compared with the previous year.
2 key technical measures
Control and control of scab is carried out throughout the whole process of wheat production, from optimizing planting layout, applying disease-resistant varieties, implementing fitness cultivation, to seed agent treatment and drug control in key periods, focusing on “adjustment, resistance, superiority and control†Kung Fu, effectively improve the effect of prevention and control, reduce the degree of damage caused by disease, and ensure the stability and quality of wheat production.
(1) Adjust the planting structure. According to the requirements of the "Guiding Opinions on Doing a Good Job in Autumn in 2018 and Improving Quality and Efficiency in Agriculture in 2019", we will actively reduce the area of ​​low-efficiency wheat planted in non-predominant areas, especially the high risk of scab in southern Jiangsu and along the river. In the region, we will actively promote the rotation of crops, reduce the proportion of wheat planting, and replant rapeseed, broad beans, green manure and other crops in different regions and regions. In areas where conditions permit, fallow cultivation, cultivation of soil fertility, implementation of grain-saving strategies, and reduction of scab The risk of epidemic is to reduce the pressure of disease prevention and control; at the same time, it will make time for the production of rice in the aftermath to ensure efficient production of rice. Huaibei wheat area can promote wheat and soybean, peanut, vegetable and other crop rotations, reduce the bacterial base and reduce the risk of disease.
(2) Promote disease-resistant varieties. According to local conditions, we promote excellent varieties with strong resistance to disease. Promote planting in suitable areas, Huainan wheat area is the priority to plant Ningmai 13, Ningmai 19, Ningmai 26, Yangmai 23, Yangfumai 4, Shengxuan 6, Huamai 5, Huamai 6, Zhenmai 168, Zhenmai 10, Zhenmai 12, Sumai 188 and other varieties with good resistance, planting Huai Mai 30, Xu Nong 029, Huai Mai 920, Ruihua Mai 523, etc. along the Huaihe and Huaibei wheat areas are better resistant Sex varieties, compress and control the proportion of high-sensitivity varieties, eliminate cross-regional introduction, blindly introduce northern susceptible varieties, reduce the risk of disease epidemics; highlight the consistency of species within the region, each county clearly identifies 2 to 3 main varieties, with Several auxiliary varieties, controlling the variety of "complex" and unhealthy growth period, can not only reduce the risk of disease epidemics, but also help the disease prevention and control and field management. Promote seed coating technology, reduce the incidence of infection of pre-growth pathogens, take into account diseases such as smut and sheath blight, and improve plant resistance.
(3) Optimize planting management. Deep-buried or harmless treatment of returning straw, and the use of straw resources in areas with conditions to reduce the source of bacteria. We will promote the appropriate amount of sowing and compress the proportion of late-sowed wheat. Huainan rice and buckwheat area should strive to achieve timely rice harvesting, suitable wheat sowing; promote precision and semi-fine seeding, control the number of population, and reduce the degree of canopy closure in the field; Scientific fertilizer and water management, cultivate strong seedlings and even seedlings, enhance disease resistance; vigorously promote the green control technology of weeds combined with “blocking and sealing, mainly based on sealsâ€, and create a good “early grass†wheat field ecology; timely clearing Hey, reduce the humidity in the field and create a small climate environment that is not conducive to disease. Actively promote standardized production, order-based sales, and improve planting efficiency. When the wheat is mature, it is harvested and dried in time to prevent excessive humidity during harvesting and storage, which causes the bacteria to reproduce and produce toxin pollution.
(4) Scientifically carry out prevention and control. Adhere to the prevention and control strategy of "based on prevention and active attack", take the prevention and control measures of "precaution and control, see flowers and spray", grasp the critical period of wheat heading and flowering, and spray cymene and tebuconazole in time. Efficiently on the road to the drug, carry out "one spray three prevention" to reduce the degree of disease occurrence and reduce the risk of toxin contamination. For areas and fields with high risk of disease epidemics, use secondary medicines to ensure control of hazards. Adhere to the alternating use of drugs, improve the control effect, and suspend the use of carbendazim and its compound preparations in areas where resistance to carbendazim is resistant. Vigorously promote the self-propelled high-efficiency boom sprayer, electrostatic sprayer and other application equipment, and use the amount of foot and water to ensure the control effect.
3 key safeguards
The autumn broadcast will be the basis for the safe production of summer grain in the coming year. All localities should give full play to the organizational advantages of the agricultural sector, the technical advantages of plant protection institutions, and the service advantages of specialized prevention organizations, strengthen organizational launch, implement prevention and control responsibilities, and ensure “four enhancementsâ€. Advance the prevention and control work in an orderly manner.
(1) Strengthen organizational leadership. The prevention and control of wheat scab is related to the "absolute safety of rations" and the increase of farmers' income. All localities should take the prevention and control of scab as an important task to ensure food safety production, and earnestly implement "government-led, territorial management, joint prevention and control" Working mechanism; around the key links and key measures for the prevention and control of scab, establish an prevention and control assessment mechanism and accountability system at all levels, implement the responsibility for prevention and control, clarify the responsible personnel, and ensure that all prevention and control measures are in place. Strengthen departmental coordination, establish a rapid emergency response mechanism, increase financial input, and ensure that prevention and control work is carried out in a powerful and orderly manner.
(2) Strengthen monitoring and early warning. Strengthen system monitoring and investigation, comprehensively master seedlings, grievances, and illnesses, pay close attention to weather changes, timely analyze and scientifically analyze disease occurrence trends, correct trend forecasts in a timely manner, and clarify key prevention and control areas, key prevention and control fields, and optimal prevention and control. Time, accurate release of forecast warning information. Strengthen information exchange, implement the weekly information system for the occurrence and prevention of scab, and actively explore the use of Internet of Things technology to forecast and forecast the occurrence of scab. Strengthen the monitoring of drug resistance of carbendazim, tebuconazole, prochloraz, cymene and other agents, and formulate drug resistance control plans in a timely manner to guide farmers in rational drug use and scientific prevention and control.
(3) Strengthen service guidance. All localities should make full use of radio, television, newspapers, mobile phone text messages, clear paper and other forms to publicize the seriousness of the scab hazard, as well as the necessity of comprehensive prevention, prevention and control, and actively guide farmers to select excellent resistant varieties. Appropriate amount of sowing, scientific fertilizer and water management, to minimize disease prevalence conditions. Organize technical personnel to go to the grassroots level to carry out training and guidance services for prevention and control of wheat gizzard during the whole growth period. In the critical period of prevention and control of scab in the ear, the group sent intensive strength, taking the form of smashing and smashing into the village, and carrying out prevention and control guidance services, such as “face-to-face†and “hands-onâ€, highlighting the selection of drugs and drugs. To ensure that the prevention and control technical measures are implemented in the field. Focusing on the target requirements of “two control and two promotionâ€, we will focus on the construction of the green prevention and control demonstration zone for wheat diseases and pests dominated by scab, and play the role of radiation belt in the demonstration area to improve the prevention and control level and prevention and control effects of large areas.
(4) Strengthening the rule of defense. Give full play to the role of financial support for agriculture at all levels, through government procurement of services, distribution of prevention and control materials and other forms, vigorously support the development of specialized pest management services organizations, strengthen equipment levels, improve service capabilities, and effectively improve wheat scab Control the degree of organization and technical level to improve the effectiveness, efficiency and effectiveness of prevention and control. Vigorously promote large-scale high-efficiency plant protection machinery, vigorously promote unified prevention and control and group prevention and control, timely organize emergency prevention and control, improve prevention and control efficiency, effectiveness and efficiency, solve the short period of wheat scab prevention and control, and have strong timeliness, and one The problem of "difficulty in fighting drugs" and "disordering drugs" has raised the coverage and prevention effect of the unified defense.
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