Urea is a high-quality nitrogen fertilizer widely used in agricultural production, containing 46% nitrogen. However, its utilization rate after being applied to the soil is only about 45 to 50 percent, which means a significant portion of the fertilizer is wasted. To improve the efficiency of urea usage, the author suggests the following four key strategies.
First, deep application. Whether urea is used as a base fertilizer or a top dressing, it should be applied at a depth of 10 to 12 cm. Deep placement helps increase nutrient absorption by plant roots and reduces losses due to volatilization. Studies show that when urea is applied just 2 to 3 cm deep, the utilization rate is only around 30%. At a depth of about 5 cm, the rate increases to 45%, and when applied between 10 to 20 cm, it can reach up to 65%.
Second, early application. Urea is an ammonium amide fertilizer and needs to be converted into ammonium nitrogen in the soil before plants can absorb it. This conversion is facilitated by the enzyme urease. Applying urea too late can reduce its effectiveness and may even delay crop growth and maturity. Therefore, applying it early ensures that the nutrients are available when the crops need them most.
Third, foliar spraying. Urea has small molecules and is easily absorbed through plant leaves, making it ideal for foliar application. Spraying directly onto the leaves allows for faster nutrient uptake, bypassing soil-related issues such as pH imbalances, waterlogging, or drought. This method is especially effective when root activity declines during the later stages of crop growth or when the soil conditions are unfavorable for root absorption.
Fourth, mixed use. Combining urea with organic fertilizers, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients ensures a balanced supply of nutrients to the soil. This approach not only enhances nutrient availability but also improves overall crop yield and quality.
By implementing these four methods—deep application, early timing, foliar spraying, and mixed use—farmers can significantly boost the efficiency of urea use, leading to better crop performance and more sustainable agricultural practices.
DG Zhongxingshun Sealing Products Factory , https://www.zxs-seal.com