I. Analysis of development status
China's new building materials industry has developed with the continuous deepening of reform and opening up. From 1979 to 1998, it was an important historical period for the development of new building materials in China. After 20 years of development, China's new building materials industry has basically completed its development process from scratch and from small to large. It has formed an emerging industry nationwide and has become an important product category and a new economic growth point in the building materials industry. The rapid development of economic construction and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards have provided good opportunities and a broad market for the development of new building materials. It is estimated that the proportion of new building materials in 1999 will account for nearly 20% of the total output value of the building materials industry. At present, the nationwide new building material companies are dotted with market demand and have formed a nation-wide organization-type building materials circulation network; most foreign products have been produced in China, and the new building materials required for three-star hotels have been able to Self-sufficiency; the development of decorative materials in different grades and different colors and varieties has provided material guarantees for improving the living conditions of urban and rural residents in China and changing the face of the city. China has formed a professional team of scientific research, design, education, production, construction and circulation of new building materials.
1. Development of new wall materials
China's new wall material develops rapidly. In 1987, the output of new wall materials was 18.45 billion standard bricks. By 1997, it had grown to 184.988 billion standard bricks, an increase of 10 times. New wall materials were used in the total amount of wall materials. The proportion rose from 4.58% to 25.2%.
There are many new types of wall materials, including bricks, blocks, plates, such as clay hollow bricks, clay bricks with non-clay, non-clay bricks, building blocks, aerated concrete, lightweight boards, composite boards, etc. In the wall material of the decision, the ratio of the base to the ground is still small. Only by promoting the rapid development of various new body materials in line with local conditions can we change the irrational product structure of wall materials, achieve energy conservation, protect cultivated land, use industrial waste residue, and promote building technology.
After the first 20 years of self-developed foreign production technology and equipment, China's wall material industry has begun to embark on the road of multi-species development, and initially formed a wall-based system, such as concrete hollow blocks. Blocks, gypsum board, fibre cement sandwich panels, etc., but the proportion of various light boards and composite panels representing the modern level of wall materials is still small, not more than 1% of the total wall material, and industrial Compared with developed countries, they are 40-50 years behind. Mainly manifested in: low-grade products, small-scale enterprises, backward technology and equipment, poor ability to support. One of the important reasons for the slow development of new wall materials is the lack of restrictions on solid clay bricks, lack of specific measures to protect land resources, and the cost of making clay bricks at the cost of destroying land, making any type of new wall material at a price Can not compete with it. After the implementation of the new tax system in 1994, only 6% value-added tax was levied on clay brick production enterprises, and many new wall materials, especially light-weight ones, had to pay 17% of the value-added tax bureaus, aggravating the development of new wall materials. The unfavorable situation. In view of this situation, the Office of Innovation of Wall Materials of the First and Third National Bureaus (Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Land and Resources, and National Building Materials Bureau) actively instructed all localities to vigorously carry out renovation work on wall materials, and introduced a number of wall reforms in light of local conditions. Policies have effectively promoted the development of new wall materials.
2, thermal insulation material
Before 1980, the development of thermal insulation materials in China was very slow. A few thermal insulation materials plants can only produce a small amount of expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, slag wool, ultra-fine glass wool, and microporous calcium silicate, etc. Product varieties, specifications or quality can not meet the needs of national construction, compared with the advanced level in foreign countries, at least 30 years behind, for example, before 1980, China's slag wool only three production plants, the annual peace capacity is less than 10,000 Tons, only a single loose cotton variety of peace, calcium silicate insulation materials only three companies, with an annual output of about 8000 cubic meters. Since the reform and opening up, China's thermal insulation materials have made considerable progress, has developed into a relatively complete varieties, the initial scale of the production of thermal insulation materials and technology systems. In 1996, the national output was about 800,000 tons, including about 200,000 tons of ore rock wool, about 40,000 tons of glass wool, about 50,000 foam beans, and about 6 million cubic meters of expanded perlite (about 450,000 tons). Other materials 60,000 tons. The main gap between China's thermal insulation materials and industrial advanced countries is: 1 The largest user of thermal insulation materials in foreign countries is the construction industry, accounting for about 80% of production. However, in China's construction industry market has not yet fully opened, its application only accounts for 10% of production. 2 The overall level and management level of the production process need to be further improved, and the product quality is not stable enough. 3 The lack of scientific research investment, application technology research and product development lags behind, especially in the application of thermal insulation materials in construction research and development over the years has been slow, seriously affecting the healthy development of insulation materials industry. Strengthening the work on the design and construction of new thermal insulation materials and other new types of building materials is an urgent task for the development of a new type of built village industry.
From the above, we can see that after more than 30 years of efforts, China's insulation material industry, especially after nearly 20 years of rapid development, many products have grown from scratch, from singleness to diversification, and quality from low to high. Expanded perlite, mineral wool, glass wool, foamed plastic, fire-resistant fiber, calcium silicate thermal insulation products, etc., have relatively complete varieties of industries, technologies, and production equipment. The products have also reached the international advanced level in the 1990s. . However, as China's thermal insulation material industry is not late, the overall level of technology and equipment is low, and the application technology in the field of construction needs to be improved, which greatly affects the popularization and application of thermal insulation materials. In recent years, the repeated construction of insulation materials industry has been a serious phenomenon. Bugs have surged across the country. During the past few years, hundreds of production lines have been put into operation. However, investment in application areas has not been invested much, resulting in low investment efficiency and oversupply. situation.
3, waterproof seal material
Waterproof material is an important functional material required by the construction industry and other related industries, and is an important part of the construction materials industry. With the rapid development of China's national economy, not only industrial buildings and civil buildings require multiple varieties and high quality requirements for defense materials, but also require high quality in industries and fields such as bridges, tunnels, defense and military industry, agricultural water conservancy, and transportation. Waterproof seal material.
Since the reform and opening up, China's building waterproof material has achieved rapid development. Waterproof material has got rid of the backward situation under the dominance of paper tar mats. At present, it has five categories including asphalt linoleum (including modified asphalt linoleum), synthetic polymer waterproofing membrane, building waterproof coating, sealing material, plugging and rigid waterproof material. product. In 1995, the output of new waterproofing membranes was 42 million square meters, accounting for about 5% of the output of waterproof membranes. China's waterproof material has basically formed a waterproof material industrial system with complete categories, product specifications and grades, and technological equipment development that has begun to take shape. There are some foreign varieties that we basically have.
At present, compared with foreign advanced countries, China's waterproof materials have the following major problems: First, the product structure is irrational. At present, the production and use of new waterproof sealing materials are very small, and the paper felt still accounts for 95% of the waterproofing materials; The product quality is generally low, and the fake and fair products flood the market. Third, the design and application technology needs to be improved. The leakage of the building is still quite serious. The waterproof material industry needs to adjust its structure and regulate the market.
4, decoration materials
There are many types of building decoration materials, and they are very fast in replacement. They are closely related to the improvement of people's living standards and improvement of living conditions. They are one of the varieties of building materials with great potential for development. Its variety, quality and supporting level determine the level of decoration of buildings, and it is of great significance to beautify the urban and rural architecture and improve people’s living and working environment.
Although the development of building decoration materials in China is relatively late, the starting point is relatively high. The main production capacity is developed after the introduction of foreign advanced technology and equipment after the 1980s. At present, there are more than 4,000 kinds of color varieties, which have basically formed an industrial system with initial scale and relatively complete product categories. In 1995, the annual output value of our country's decoration and decoration materials was about 40 billion yuan. From 1991 to 1995, China's annual growth rate of decoration materials was 30%. In 1996, the output of major products was: wallpaper, wall coverings 210 million square meters, plastic floor 36 million square meters, architectural coatings 650,000 tons, plastic pipes 90,000 tons, plastic doors and windows nearly 10 million square meters, and chemical fiber carpets 4.5 million square meters. At present, three-star hotel decoration and decoration to help their own basic production, four to five-star hotel decoration 30% -40% can be self-sufficient. The main problems are: small scale production companies, unstable product quality, old models, low grades, poor matching, and weak market competitiveness; lack of scientific research and development force, and the ability to update and replace products can be weak, unable to meet market demand; The structure is irrational. The proportion of medium and low-grade products is large, and the proportion of high-grade materials is low, which cannot meet the demand for high-end building decoration.
Second, the development of new building materials and products is a requirement for sustainable development strategy
For China, where the per capita possession of resources such as energy and cultivated land is only 1/4 of the world average, the coordinated development of the national economy and society and resources and the ecological environment is even more important and urgent. At present, China's clay solid bricks still account for nearly 80% of the total output of wall materials. The problems of high energy consumption, land destruction, and pollution are very serious. Each consumes 2.2 billion tons of clay resources and destroys about 120,000 mu of damaged land. It can produce 82 million tons of standard coal while discharging large amounts of dust and carbon dioxide. Therefore, the development of newspaper building materials and products related to the implementation of China's sustainable development strategy, but also related to the healthy development of building materials industry.
With the development of the national economy and the gradual improvement of people’s living standards, people’s demands for living and working fields have also continuously increased. The experience of many countries proves that it is an inevitable trend of economic development and social progress. The progress of the construction industry does not require that the quality and function of the building should be perfected, and that it must be beautiful and harmless to human health. This requires the development of versatile and efficient new building materials and products. Only in this way can they meet the requirements of social progress. The use of new building materials and products can significantly improve the functions of buildings, increase the area of ​​use of buildings, improve earthquake resistance, facilitate mechanized construction and increase construction efficiency, and can reduce construction costs in the same circumstances. Practices in cities such as Tianjin and Chengdu have proved that, under the same conditions, the use of new building materials and products can increase the effective use of the area by nearly 10%, reduce the weight of the building by more than 40%, and effectively improve the anti-seismic capacity. According to 10% of the 240 million square meters of residential buildings completed in the current year, the use of new materials will increase the effective use area by about 20 million square meters per year, and the overall cost can be reduced by about 4%-7%. In addition, the development of new types of building materials also has significant effects on environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources. Taking the “8th Five-Year Plan†period as an example, only the development of new wall materials will result in a total saving of more than 22 million tons of standard coal for production energy consumption and building heating energy consumption. About 15 million mu of land will be destroyed, 95 million tons of industrial waste will be used, and carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by 23 million tons. As the building materials industry with the strongest connection with the construction industry, 70% of its products are used in the construction industry, the development of new building materials and products is incorporated into the architectural design and construction regulations and norms, so as to promote the application of new technologies and promote the development of new building materials. The promotion and application of new building materials not only has significant social benefits, but also has significant economic benefits. For example, the cost of building a new energy-saving insulation material is much greater than the cost of replacing the clay solid brick with new building materials. Therefore, the development of new building materials and products is an important part of social progress and social and economic benefits.
Third, the development prospects of new building materials and products
In accordance with the requirements of the cross-century development strategy of the building materials industry, “from big to strong, relying on new growthâ€, the development of new types of building materials will focus on making new fuss and promoting industrial restructuring. The output value of new building materials and products will develop at a rate of 20%-25% during the “Ninth Five-Year Plan†period, and the output value will reach nearly 130 billion Yuan by the year 2000. Among them, the output value of the independent accounting enterprises above the township is 80-90 billion yuan, accounting for 20% of the total output value of the building materials industry. The technology, equipment, and product quality have reached the international level in the 1970s. The key enterprises have reached the international level in the early 1980s, and advanced enterprises have reached the international advanced level.
China's new building materials industry has developed with the continuous deepening of reform and opening up. From 1979 to 1998, it was an important historical period for the development of new building materials in China. After 20 years of development, China's new building materials industry has basically completed its development process from scratch and from small to large. It has formed an emerging industry nationwide and has become an important product category and a new economic growth point in the building materials industry. The rapid development of economic construction and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards have provided good opportunities and a broad market for the development of new building materials. It is estimated that the proportion of new building materials in 1999 will account for nearly 20% of the total output value of the building materials industry. At present, the nationwide new building material companies are dotted with market demand and have formed a nation-wide organization-type building materials circulation network; most foreign products have been produced in China, and the new building materials required for three-star hotels have been able to Self-sufficiency; the development of decorative materials in different grades and different colors and varieties has provided material guarantees for improving the living conditions of urban and rural residents in China and changing the face of the city. China has formed a professional team of scientific research, design, education, production, construction and circulation of new building materials.
1. Development of new wall materials
China's new wall material develops rapidly. In 1987, the output of new wall materials was 18.45 billion standard bricks. By 1997, it had grown to 184.988 billion standard bricks, an increase of 10 times. New wall materials were used in the total amount of wall materials. The proportion rose from 4.58% to 25.2%.
There are many new types of wall materials, including bricks, blocks, plates, such as clay hollow bricks, clay bricks with non-clay, non-clay bricks, building blocks, aerated concrete, lightweight boards, composite boards, etc. In the wall material of the decision, the ratio of the base to the ground is still small. Only by promoting the rapid development of various new body materials in line with local conditions can we change the irrational product structure of wall materials, achieve energy conservation, protect cultivated land, use industrial waste residue, and promote building technology.
After the first 20 years of self-developed foreign production technology and equipment, China's wall material industry has begun to embark on the road of multi-species development, and initially formed a wall-based system, such as concrete hollow blocks. Blocks, gypsum board, fibre cement sandwich panels, etc., but the proportion of various light boards and composite panels representing the modern level of wall materials is still small, not more than 1% of the total wall material, and industrial Compared with developed countries, they are 40-50 years behind. Mainly manifested in: low-grade products, small-scale enterprises, backward technology and equipment, poor ability to support. One of the important reasons for the slow development of new wall materials is the lack of restrictions on solid clay bricks, lack of specific measures to protect land resources, and the cost of making clay bricks at the cost of destroying land, making any type of new wall material at a price Can not compete with it. After the implementation of the new tax system in 1994, only 6% value-added tax was levied on clay brick production enterprises, and many new wall materials, especially light-weight ones, had to pay 17% of the value-added tax bureaus, aggravating the development of new wall materials. The unfavorable situation. In view of this situation, the Office of Innovation of Wall Materials of the First and Third National Bureaus (Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Land and Resources, and National Building Materials Bureau) actively instructed all localities to vigorously carry out renovation work on wall materials, and introduced a number of wall reforms in light of local conditions. Policies have effectively promoted the development of new wall materials.
2, thermal insulation material
Before 1980, the development of thermal insulation materials in China was very slow. A few thermal insulation materials plants can only produce a small amount of expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, slag wool, ultra-fine glass wool, and microporous calcium silicate, etc. Product varieties, specifications or quality can not meet the needs of national construction, compared with the advanced level in foreign countries, at least 30 years behind, for example, before 1980, China's slag wool only three production plants, the annual peace capacity is less than 10,000 Tons, only a single loose cotton variety of peace, calcium silicate insulation materials only three companies, with an annual output of about 8000 cubic meters. Since the reform and opening up, China's thermal insulation materials have made considerable progress, has developed into a relatively complete varieties, the initial scale of the production of thermal insulation materials and technology systems. In 1996, the national output was about 800,000 tons, including about 200,000 tons of ore rock wool, about 40,000 tons of glass wool, about 50,000 foam beans, and about 6 million cubic meters of expanded perlite (about 450,000 tons). Other materials 60,000 tons. The main gap between China's thermal insulation materials and industrial advanced countries is: 1 The largest user of thermal insulation materials in foreign countries is the construction industry, accounting for about 80% of production. However, in China's construction industry market has not yet fully opened, its application only accounts for 10% of production. 2 The overall level and management level of the production process need to be further improved, and the product quality is not stable enough. 3 The lack of scientific research investment, application technology research and product development lags behind, especially in the application of thermal insulation materials in construction research and development over the years has been slow, seriously affecting the healthy development of insulation materials industry. Strengthening the work on the design and construction of new thermal insulation materials and other new types of building materials is an urgent task for the development of a new type of built village industry.
From the above, we can see that after more than 30 years of efforts, China's insulation material industry, especially after nearly 20 years of rapid development, many products have grown from scratch, from singleness to diversification, and quality from low to high. Expanded perlite, mineral wool, glass wool, foamed plastic, fire-resistant fiber, calcium silicate thermal insulation products, etc., have relatively complete varieties of industries, technologies, and production equipment. The products have also reached the international advanced level in the 1990s. . However, as China's thermal insulation material industry is not late, the overall level of technology and equipment is low, and the application technology in the field of construction needs to be improved, which greatly affects the popularization and application of thermal insulation materials. In recent years, the repeated construction of insulation materials industry has been a serious phenomenon. Bugs have surged across the country. During the past few years, hundreds of production lines have been put into operation. However, investment in application areas has not been invested much, resulting in low investment efficiency and oversupply. situation.
3, waterproof seal material
Waterproof material is an important functional material required by the construction industry and other related industries, and is an important part of the construction materials industry. With the rapid development of China's national economy, not only industrial buildings and civil buildings require multiple varieties and high quality requirements for defense materials, but also require high quality in industries and fields such as bridges, tunnels, defense and military industry, agricultural water conservancy, and transportation. Waterproof seal material.
Since the reform and opening up, China's building waterproof material has achieved rapid development. Waterproof material has got rid of the backward situation under the dominance of paper tar mats. At present, it has five categories including asphalt linoleum (including modified asphalt linoleum), synthetic polymer waterproofing membrane, building waterproof coating, sealing material, plugging and rigid waterproof material. product. In 1995, the output of new waterproofing membranes was 42 million square meters, accounting for about 5% of the output of waterproof membranes. China's waterproof material has basically formed a waterproof material industrial system with complete categories, product specifications and grades, and technological equipment development that has begun to take shape. There are some foreign varieties that we basically have.
At present, compared with foreign advanced countries, China's waterproof materials have the following major problems: First, the product structure is irrational. At present, the production and use of new waterproof sealing materials are very small, and the paper felt still accounts for 95% of the waterproofing materials; The product quality is generally low, and the fake and fair products flood the market. Third, the design and application technology needs to be improved. The leakage of the building is still quite serious. The waterproof material industry needs to adjust its structure and regulate the market.
4, decoration materials
There are many types of building decoration materials, and they are very fast in replacement. They are closely related to the improvement of people's living standards and improvement of living conditions. They are one of the varieties of building materials with great potential for development. Its variety, quality and supporting level determine the level of decoration of buildings, and it is of great significance to beautify the urban and rural architecture and improve people’s living and working environment.
Although the development of building decoration materials in China is relatively late, the starting point is relatively high. The main production capacity is developed after the introduction of foreign advanced technology and equipment after the 1980s. At present, there are more than 4,000 kinds of color varieties, which have basically formed an industrial system with initial scale and relatively complete product categories. In 1995, the annual output value of our country's decoration and decoration materials was about 40 billion yuan. From 1991 to 1995, China's annual growth rate of decoration materials was 30%. In 1996, the output of major products was: wallpaper, wall coverings 210 million square meters, plastic floor 36 million square meters, architectural coatings 650,000 tons, plastic pipes 90,000 tons, plastic doors and windows nearly 10 million square meters, and chemical fiber carpets 4.5 million square meters. At present, three-star hotel decoration and decoration to help their own basic production, four to five-star hotel decoration 30% -40% can be self-sufficient. The main problems are: small scale production companies, unstable product quality, old models, low grades, poor matching, and weak market competitiveness; lack of scientific research and development force, and the ability to update and replace products can be weak, unable to meet market demand; The structure is irrational. The proportion of medium and low-grade products is large, and the proportion of high-grade materials is low, which cannot meet the demand for high-end building decoration.
Second, the development of new building materials and products is a requirement for sustainable development strategy
For China, where the per capita possession of resources such as energy and cultivated land is only 1/4 of the world average, the coordinated development of the national economy and society and resources and the ecological environment is even more important and urgent. At present, China's clay solid bricks still account for nearly 80% of the total output of wall materials. The problems of high energy consumption, land destruction, and pollution are very serious. Each consumes 2.2 billion tons of clay resources and destroys about 120,000 mu of damaged land. It can produce 82 million tons of standard coal while discharging large amounts of dust and carbon dioxide. Therefore, the development of newspaper building materials and products related to the implementation of China's sustainable development strategy, but also related to the healthy development of building materials industry.
With the development of the national economy and the gradual improvement of people’s living standards, people’s demands for living and working fields have also continuously increased. The experience of many countries proves that it is an inevitable trend of economic development and social progress. The progress of the construction industry does not require that the quality and function of the building should be perfected, and that it must be beautiful and harmless to human health. This requires the development of versatile and efficient new building materials and products. Only in this way can they meet the requirements of social progress. The use of new building materials and products can significantly improve the functions of buildings, increase the area of ​​use of buildings, improve earthquake resistance, facilitate mechanized construction and increase construction efficiency, and can reduce construction costs in the same circumstances. Practices in cities such as Tianjin and Chengdu have proved that, under the same conditions, the use of new building materials and products can increase the effective use of the area by nearly 10%, reduce the weight of the building by more than 40%, and effectively improve the anti-seismic capacity. According to 10% of the 240 million square meters of residential buildings completed in the current year, the use of new materials will increase the effective use area by about 20 million square meters per year, and the overall cost can be reduced by about 4%-7%. In addition, the development of new types of building materials also has significant effects on environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources. Taking the “8th Five-Year Plan†period as an example, only the development of new wall materials will result in a total saving of more than 22 million tons of standard coal for production energy consumption and building heating energy consumption. About 15 million mu of land will be destroyed, 95 million tons of industrial waste will be used, and carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by 23 million tons. As the building materials industry with the strongest connection with the construction industry, 70% of its products are used in the construction industry, the development of new building materials and products is incorporated into the architectural design and construction regulations and norms, so as to promote the application of new technologies and promote the development of new building materials. The promotion and application of new building materials not only has significant social benefits, but also has significant economic benefits. For example, the cost of building a new energy-saving insulation material is much greater than the cost of replacing the clay solid brick with new building materials. Therefore, the development of new building materials and products is an important part of social progress and social and economic benefits.
Third, the development prospects of new building materials and products
In accordance with the requirements of the cross-century development strategy of the building materials industry, “from big to strong, relying on new growthâ€, the development of new types of building materials will focus on making new fuss and promoting industrial restructuring. The output value of new building materials and products will develop at a rate of 20%-25% during the “Ninth Five-Year Plan†period, and the output value will reach nearly 130 billion Yuan by the year 2000. Among them, the output value of the independent accounting enterprises above the township is 80-90 billion yuan, accounting for 20% of the total output value of the building materials industry. The technology, equipment, and product quality have reached the international level in the 1970s. The key enterprises have reached the international level in the early 1980s, and advanced enterprises have reached the international advanced level.
Wall Handicraft,Humming Bird,Wall Ornament
wall ornament garden decoration Co., Ltd. , http://www.gardendecorat.com