Foreword
   The preparation of this standard was drafted according to the rules given in GB/T 1. 1-2009 .
   This standard is proposed by the State Administration of Work Safety.
   This standard consists of the Technical Committee on Dust and Substances of the National Safety Production Standardization Technical Committee ((SAC/TC 288/SC 7) .
   This standard was drafted by : Wood Saving Development Center, Beijing Timber Factory Co., Ltd., Baroque Wood ( Zhongshan ) Co., Ltd., Dongying Zhenghe Wood Industry Co., Ltd., and Renhua County Oda Plywood Co., Ltd. of Guangdong Province.
   The main drafters of this standard are : Shen Changsheng, Yu Jiuqiu, Tao Yiming, Jiang Xiaocheng, Hu Linbin, Wu Dongping, Liang Jinyi, Ma Shouhua, Tang Zhenzhong, Dang Wenjie, Zhang Shaofang.
   This standard is the first release.
   Appendix A of this standard is an informative annex.
Technical regulations for occupational hazards prevention in wood processing enterprises
range
   This standard specifies technical measures, management measures, personal protection and occupational health monitoring of occupational hazards prevention in wood processing enterprises.
   This standard is applicable to the prevention and control of occupational hazards associated with wood processing, manufacturing, and storage, covering the manufacture of wood-based panels, wood products, wood-plastic composites, and the modification and processing of bamboo and wood for anti-corrosion and fire-retardant purposes. Occupational disease prevention technology and management of dry wood processing enterprises.
2 normative references
   The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this document. For undated references, the latest version ( including all amendments ) applies to this document.
UB 6512 coating operation safety regulations paint process safety and ventilation purification
GB/T 11651 Personal Protective Equipment Selection Specification
General rules for storage of commonly used dangerous chemicals in UB 15603
Classification and Technical Conditions of Exhaust Hood of GB/T 16758
GB 17916 Storage Technical Conditions for Poisonous Products
UB 20101 Coating Operation Safety Regulations Organic Waste Gas Purification Device Safety Technical Regulations
UB 50019 Code for Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
UB 50033 Design Standard for Building Lighting
UB 50032 Architectural Lighting Design Standard
GBG 1 Design Standards for Industrial Enterprises
GBG 2. 1 workplace hazardous occupational exposure limits because of cable - Part 1: chemical harmful because of cable
GBG 2. 2 workplace hazardous occupational exposure limits because of cable Part 2: Physical Inso
GBG 158 occupational hazard warning sign in workplace
GBG 188 Occupational Health Monitoring Technical Specifications
UBZ 203 Notice of Occupational Disease Hazards on Highly Toxic Articles Work Positions
GBZ/T 222 Occupational Health Terms
3 Terms and Definitions
   Occupational Hygiene Nomenclature UBZ/T 222 applies to this standard and the following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3. 1
   Wood drying wood drying
   Drying medium is used to evaporate the moisture in the wood to make the moisture content reach the required production technology.
3. 2
   Wood -plastic composite
   The plastic and wood flour are mixed according to a certain ratio, and after various types of additives are added, various kinds of products are produced through hot extrusion, injection molding, and pressing.
3. 3
   Wood modification wood modification
   Productive technologies that improve the performance of wood and change wood properties. Products include : plastic wood, impregnated wood, pressed wood, acetate wood, curved wood, carbonized wood, compressed wood, dyed wood and so on.
3. 4
   Wood preservation
   Use chemical agents to treat wood to prevent bacteria, insects, and marine drilling animals from harming and destroying wood, and to extend the useful life of protection technology.
3. 5
   Wood heat modification
   In the anoxic environment, the wood is subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of 180 °C to 220 °C to obtain a dimensionally stable, corrosion-resistant, and other production technology.
4 basic requirements
4.1 wood processing enterprises occupational hazards prevention and control work should adhere to the "prevention first, combining prevention with control" approach.
4. 2 Projects for timber construction, manufacturing, storage, etc. shall be in accordance with the “three simultaneous†principle. Occupational hazard protection facilities shall be designed, constructed and put into use at the same time as the main project.
4. 3 Wood processing companies should adopt new technologies, new equipment and new technologies, increase the level of mechanization and automation, and reduce the occupational hazards arising from the production process. For processes, sections, and equipment that generate dust, radiation, and chemical poisons, it is advisable to adopt a closed approach to control occupational hazards to a minimum extent.
4. 4 When it is not advisable to effectively control the influence of occupational hazards through fully enclosed, mechanized, and automated production methods, it is advisable to use local closed ventilation, dust removal and detoxification technology measures, and to use exhaust ventilation devices to reduce the adverse effects of the overall operating environment. .
4. 5 Contact with Occupational Disease Hazards Occupational workers should strengthen their personal protection and distribute appropriate and effective personal protective equipment.
4. 6 Warning signs complying with the requirements of GBG 158 shall be set up in prominent positions in the production section or post , and shall comply with the notification of occupational hazards required by UBZ 203 .
4.7 wood processing enterprises to cope with timber processing, manufacturing, storage environment workplace conduct regular testing and should be improved by continuing to take control measures to occupational hazards due to the concentration and strength of the cable reaches GBG 2. 1, GBG 2. 2 regulations Harmful exposure to occupational exposure limits.
5 plant site selection, plant layout, plant design
5. 1 site selection
   The site selection of the factory shall be based on the comprehensive analysis of the health characteristics of the production process, environmental requirements, hazards of occupational hazards, and the overall planning of the local government, the hydrological, geological, and meteorological factors.
5. 2 plant layout
2.1 The main premise of meeting the needs of the project, according to whether the hazard should the shop, the type of hazard and hazard concentration (intensity) separately; produced between the cable plant due to occupational hazards and other plant and the living quarters It should set up a green belt for health protection.
5.2.2 Production areas prone to produce dust and chemical poisons should be arranged on the windward side of the plant in the year with the minimum frequency of the wind direction ; workshops in the machining section of timber sawing, milling, planing, grinding, etc., and sizing, finishing, and curing. Processing, wood-plastic composite molding and other prone to chemical poisons in the workshop, should be placed in the plant on the windward side of the minimum frequency of the entire year.
5.2.3 High-temperature heat sources such as drying kiln and heat modification treatment tank ( kiln ) should be arranged outside the workshop ; high-temperature heat source facilities outside the workshop cannot be arranged.
Placed under the skylight or near the workshop on the downwind side of the window.
5.2.4 Noise and Vibration The more obvious production equipment should be arranged separately. In the multi-storey factory building, it should be arranged on the bottom layer, and effective sound insulation and vibration reduction measures should be taken.
5.2.5 The multi-storey factory workshop is liable to generate volatile and harmful gas and should be arranged on the upper layer of the building to prevent or reduce the adverse effects of the lower layer on the upper working environment.
5.2.6 The spacing between two adjacent buildings should not be less than the height of the tallest of the two buildings.
5. 3 plant design
3.1 The plant should be designed to meet the ventilation requirements of the production technology and equipment arrangement taking into account the occupational protective equipment required.
5.3.2 The direction of the plant should be designed according to the prevailing summer wind direction so that the plant can form a draft or wind pressure that increases natural ventilation. The skylight at the top of the plant should be set. The area of ​​the sunroof exhaust day should be slightly larger than the sum of the area of ​​the inlet window and the intake door.
5.3.3 In accordance with the requirements of the production section and the equipment working environment, the wall of the workshop shall be used to segregate the areas where the volatile occupational hazards are severe.
5.3.4 Multi-storey factory buildings shall be provided with effective isolation measures. The openings of equipment and pipes passing through floors and walls shall be sealed to prevent occupational hazards due to the proliferation and cross-influence of the cables between floors.
5.3.5 Workplace lighting design is implemented in accordance with GB 50033 , and lighting design is performed in accordance with GB 50032 . Lighting design should avoid glare, make full use of natural light, and choose the location of the light source to avoid shadowing.
5.3.6 The high temperature workshop should have a lounge. The lounge should be kept away from heat, ventilation, cooling, heat insulation and other measures, and meet the requirements of GBG 2. 2 .
5.3.7 Central heating shall be provided in areas where the average temperature in the coldest month of the last 10 years is less than or equal to 8 °C in a month that is greater than or equal to 3 months.
For facilities, local heating facilities should be installed in areas where the average temperature in the coldest months is less than or equal to 8 °C and the months are less than 2 months. When the work site is not fixed and it needs continuous low temperature operation, a heating room should be set up near the workplace. Heating and ventilation design is performed in accordance with UB 50019 .
5. The production characteristics should be 3.8, according to actual needs and to use the principle of convenient auxiliary chamber is provided, comprising a chamber with a plant health (Women's Health
Room, bathroom, and more / Wardrobe, Union wash room and laundry room in special operations, type of work or job settings), living area (lounge, dining places, toilets), and shall comply with relevant hygiene standards.
6 process design and equipment selection
6.1 When designing production processes, priority should be given to technologies that are economically and technologically sound, advanced, and have a low level of occupational hazards.
6.2 should be preferred to choose low-volatile, low-toxic adhesive drills, preservatives, modifiers, coatings.
6. Priority shall be given to the selection of equipment with low dust production and low noise intensity, and corresponding control measures shall be provided ; equipment with light sources such as ultraviolet and infrared light sources shall adopt a closed method, and priority shall be given to the use of automatic operation methods.
6.4 Ventilation and purifying devices shall be provided for volatile and harmful gases generated in plastics and modified processes.
7 Material Handling and Storage
7. 1 Disposal of shredded materials should be closed.
7.2 wood preservatives, gum drilling, paints containing toxic chemicals and other items to be transported relevant national requirements.
8 Control of major harmful factors
8. 1 dust hazard control
8. 1. 1 Source of Productive Dust
Timber processing workshops sawing, milling, drilling, grinding, shavings and other machining processes easily produce dust.
8.1.2 Dust Control Measures
8. 1. 2.1 Production of dust control dust production plant or work area to the main local exhaust, ventilation fully supplemented. Partial exhaust air can take an external dust cover and airtight cover two ways.
8.1.2.2 For the dust emitted from the production equipment, priority should be given to the method of source control. According to the physical and chemical characteristics of the dust emitted, the amount of emission and diffusion characteristics, the form of the dust suction cover is reasonably selected and arranged according to the requirements. The dust removal system effectively traps and purifies dust.
8. 1. 2. 3 If the production equipment does not have a suction hood, a suction hood should be provided. The number, structure, and installation of the suction hoods should meet the requirements for dust collection and meet the requirements of GB/T 16758 .
8.1.4.4 Where dust is still diffused after the ventilation system has been treated by the ventilation system, appropriate ventilation and air exchange measures shall be taken.
8. 1. 2. 5 Regularly check and check the working status of the ventilation and dust removal system, and perform regular maintenance on the ventilation and dust removal system to ensure that the system is always in a predetermined working state.
8. 2 Chemical Toxicants
8. 2. 1 Sources of chemical poisons
In wood processing, sizing, hot pressing, painting, curing, wood-plastic composite, and modification processes are easy to produce chemical poisons.
8.2.2 Poison Control Measures
8. 2.2.1 The chemicals used by the company should have chemical safety labels and safety instructions.
8.2.2.2 For the emission of harmful gases from production facilities, priority shall be given to methods of source control, based on the physical and chemical characteristics of the emitted harmful gases.
Sex, emission and diffusion characteristics, rational selection of the form of the suction hood and layout according to requirements, the use of ventilation purification system for effective collection and purification of harmful gases.
8.2.2.3 The applicators, spray booths, hot presses, pressure tanks, and monomer recyclers should be regularly inspected and maintained.
8.2.2.4 Finishing of wood products shall be carried out in a spray booth. The spray booth shall be ventilated with upper and lower rows, and wet installations shall be installed.
Chemical poisons are purified. The design, use and maintenance of spray booths shall comply with the requirements of GB 20101 and GB 6512 .
8.2.2.5 The harmful waste residues from the painting, corrosion, and modification sections shall be properly kept and shall be handled in accordance with the relevant provisions for hazardous waste disposal.
8. 3 Noise
8.3.1 Sources of Productive Noise
   Woodwork sawing, milling, planing, grinding, drilling, chipping and other machining sections, air compressors, vacuum pumps, various types of electrical machinery and other mechanical equipment during operation is prone to noise.
8.3.2 Noise Control Measures
8. 3.2.1 Electromechanical devices that generate strong noise should be placed centrally and the necessary noise reduction measures should be taken.
8.3.2.2 For sawing and milling equipment, measures should be taken to install acoustic enclosures, acoustic baffles, etc. to reduce the impact of equipment noise on the surrounding work environment.
8.3.2.3 Vibration and noise reduction measures shall be taken for equipment that generates strong noise due to vibration.
8.3.2.4 Pneumatic transport pipelines should be piped to reduce noise.
8. 4 electromagnetic radiation
8. 4. 1 Source of radiation
   Wood products microwave drying, steam drying, infrared drying, wood heat treatment, solidification of the bottom ( face ) of wood products, wood curing resin, impregnated wood and other wood modified resin curing sections may produce microwave, ultraviolet, infrared, heat radiation and other radiation .
8.4.2 Control Measures
2.1 to 8. 4. The electromagnetic radiation should isolation section is provided, the operation of generating radiation hazards automatic control mode should be selected.
8.4.2.2 UV lamps, infrared lamps and other radiation sources must have a protective cover, shall not be exposed or light leakage ; heat source should choose a good air circulation, open position, and good insulation measures to reduce heat to the outside radiation.
8.4.2.3 Workshops that produce electromagnetic radiation should strengthen management, non-workers are strictly prohibited from leaving the premises , and workers must wear personal protection.
After entering the product.
9 personal protection
9. 1 The company shall provide personal protective equipment that meets the requirements of GB/T 11651 for workers exposed to occupational hazards .
9. 2 The company shall provide training for the correct use, applicability and limitations of personal protective equipment, and supervise the wearers to wear personal protective equipment when they are on duty.
9. 3 Personal protective equipment should be maintained, maintained and cleaned as required. When personal protective equipment fails, it should be replaced in time.
9. 4 Workers should not drink water or eat at workplaces with occupational disease hazards, and should not wear protective clothing into restaurants or other non-operational areas.
9. 5 Contact with Chemical Poison Workers should take baths and change clothes after work.
9. 6 When certain parts of the human body in operation are exposed to a potential radiation hazard, or when exposed to radiation sources for a prolonged period of time, wear appropriate radiation protection appliances.
10 emergency response
10.1 The plant should be equipped with protective equipment (post) poison case, a storage cabinet. And should be set clearly marked, regular maintenance and inspection to ensure emergency use needs.
10.2 possible chemical burns drilling occurs through the skin and cause acute poisoning absorbing film (such as size, painting, corrosion production) workplace
The institute shall set up emergency treatment facilities on site according to the occupational hazards that may be generated or existed and its hazardous characteristics. First-aid facilities should include : constant water showers, eyewash facilities, personal protective equipment, first aid kits and emergency medicine, stretchers and devices for transferring patients, emergency treatment facilities, and emergency rescue communications equipment . The configuration of emergency medicines may refer to the relevant requirements of GBG 1 .
11 Occupational Health Management and Education
11.1 Where an occupational disease hazard exists in an enterprise's workplace, it shall timely and truthfully report the hazardous item to the local production safety supervision and management department and accept supervision and management.
11.2 The company shall establish occupational disease hazard prevention plans and implementation plans, establish and improve occupational health management systems and operating procedures, and carry out routine monitoring and periodic inspection of occupational disease hazards.
11.3 An enterprise shall set up or designate an occupational health management institution or organization with special (part -time ) management personnel. Occupational health is mainly negative
Responsible personnel and management personnel shall have occupational health management knowledge and capabilities that are compatible with their own production and business activities, and receive occupational health-related training.
11.4 The company shall supervise and instruct the workers to wear and use protective equipment as required, and regularly organize the maintenance, repair and maintenance of occupational disease prevention equipment and emergency rescue facilities.
11.5 The company shall provide occupational health-related knowledge training and regular training for workers before starting work, popularize occupational health-related knowledge, and urge operators to comply with occupational disease prevention laws, regulations, regulations, national occupational health standards and operating procedures. . After passing the assessment, they can take up jobs.
11.6 If an occupational disease hazard caused by changes in workmanship, technology, equipment, materials, or postal adjustments results in a change in the cause of the occupational disease, the enterprise shall re-train the worker before re-employment.
12 occupational health monitoring
12.1 The company shall establish occupational health checkups and occupational health surveillance files for workers exposed to occupational hazards before, during, and after leaving the job.
12. 2 Targeted medical examinations have been carried out in response to different occupational hazards due to injury to one or more aspects of the human body. The physical examination items shall be implemented in accordance with GBG 188 according to the occupational hazards existing in different sections .
12.3 The enterprise shall inform the operator of the results of the medical examination. When the operator leaves the unit, a copy of the medical examination shall be provided.
12.4 The company must not arrange occupational taboos to engage in its taboo operations and related work, and must not arrange for minor workers to engage in occupational disease hazards, and must not arrange female employees during pregnancy and lactation to engage in operations that are harmful to themselves, the fetus and infants.
The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.
Solar Street Light,Outdoor Solar Street Lights,Solar Light,Solar Street Lamp
China Searun Solar Solution Co., Ltd. , https://www.searunsolar.com