We often refer to ceilings in our renovations. But what is a ceiling? Many owners have only a vague idea. There are many questions about ceiling knowledge and why ceilings are to be made. To figure this out, you need to have an understanding of the ceiling from beginning to end.
Let us first look at what is the ceiling:
Ceiling: The ceiling is the beautification of the top of the room. The ceiling of the house is called the ceiling. Part of the ceiling is ceiling decoration in the top part of the location.
With reference to the function of ceiling decoration, do you have to see whether the owners need to use ceilings?
The function of ceiling decoration is as follows:
First, prevent moisture infiltration and smoke scattered, so as to do a clean. Such as bathroom and kitchen ceilings.
Second, modeling to change the space to achieve artistic creation. Such as living room dining room bedroom.
Third, hide the light, so that the light reflected by the lamps to show soft and natural. Imitate natural light.
Fourth, hide the pipeline.
Fifth, when the roof is not level, when the appearance of tilt, through the ceiling to adjust to achieve horizontal.
Ceiling materials needed:
1, keel material;
2, decorative panel material
Keel material introduction:
Explanation: The keel is fixed to the ceiling wall when the ceiling is suspended. It is used to prop up the outer asbestos plate and play a supporting and fixing role.
Keel material:
Light steel keel, wood keel and aluminum alloy keel.
The advantages of light steel keels and aluminum alloy keels are not easily deformed. The advantage of wood keel is that it is easy to do a variety of other shapes, the disadvantage is that it is easily deformed and cracked.
Note: The type, size, and color of the keel used in the ceiling should meet the design requirements. The product's certificate of conformity, performance test report, date of shipment, instruction manual, acceptance record, and re-inspection report shall be reviewed. Priority should be given to the use of environmentally friendly materials and products that have passed the ISO 14001 environmental protection system. Ceiling light steel keel.
Anti-fraud reminder: Be sure to carefully check the material of the ceiling before starting the ceiling. Generally light steel keels and aluminum alloy keel ceilings will be used now, because its material is more robust and durable than other types of wood keels. The wooden keel is only used when the wooden keel is only used for a small number of special shapes that cannot use light steel keel.
Some construction companies in the construction of large-scale wood keel is to cut corners, the price of light steel keel is much higher than the wooden keel.
Decorative panel materials: gypsum board, metal plate, polystyrene foam board and aluminum plastic board.
Explanation: decorative panel:
The veneer is the board that finally covers the keel after the keel has been installed on the ceiling.
Ceiling materials are mainly mineral wool board, gypsum board, wood board, PVC plastic buckle board, glass, metal and so on.
1, PVC plastic buckle
1 Features Ceiling
It uses PVC as a raw material and has been processed into a high-quality profile. It has the characteristics of light weight, easy installation, waterproof, moisture proof, and anti-worm-eaten. It also has a lot of changes in its color patterns, and it is also resistant to contamination, good cleaning, sound insulation, and insulation. The good performance of heat, especially in the new process, has added flame-retardant materials to enable it to be extinguished from the fire and safer to use. It has low cost and good decorative effect. Therefore, it occupies an important position in home decoration ceiling materials and becomes the leading material for ceilings of bathrooms, kitchens, toilets, balconies and so on.
2 quality identification
When purchasing PVC ceiling profiles, be sure to ask the dealer for a quality inspection report and product inspection certificate. Visual appearance quality The surface of the board should be smooth, no cracks, no bumps, and it can be assembled and disassembled freely. The surface is turbulent and free of scratches; the sound of the board striking by hand is crisp.
Maintenance and replacement of PVC ceiling profiles are very resistant to water and scrubbing. After daily use, cleaning agent can be used to scrub and rinse with clean water; between the plate gaps, it is easy to be stained with oil. After cleaning, brush and cleaning agent can be used to scrub and rinse with clean water. Attention should be paid to the lighting circuit. If the PVC suspended ceiling profile is damaged, it is very convenient to update. As long as one end of the pressure strip is removed, the panel is removed from the pressure strip one by one. Replace the damaged panel with a new one and then reinstall the pressure strip. When replacing, it should be noted that the color of the new board and the old board must be the same, and there should be no chromatic aberration.
2, metal products ceiling
The ceiling of a metal product refers to a ceiling metal decorative plate that incorporates multiple functions and decorations. Compared with the traditional ceiling material, in addition to maintaining its characteristics, the texture, decorative sense is better, can be divided into sound-absorbing panels and decorative panels (without openings). The sound absorption board is based on the acoustic principle, using a variety of different perforation rate of the metal plate to achieve the elimination of noise, but also according to the needs of a round hole, square hole, long round hole, rectangular hole, triangular hole, size combination of different hole type, The floor is mostly white or aluminum. In addition metal decorative panels, special emphasis on decorative, clean and smooth lines, beautiful appearance, elegant color, bronze, gold, red and blue, milk white and other colors; specifications exactly match the width of ordinary houses, with marble, aluminum alloy The materials such as doors and windows are seamlessly connected, elegant and gorgeous, and they complement the quiet living environment.
The material types of metal decorative plates include aluminum, copper, stainless steel, and aluminum alloys. The decorative plates with copper and stainless steel materials are of higher grades and higher prices. The general living room decoration and aluminum alloy decorative plates are more appropriate and suitable for people. Shopping psychology, that is, inexpensive. Because of the poor thermal insulation properties of the metal plate, in order to obtain a certain sound absorption, thermal insulation function, in the choice of metal plate for ceiling decoration, you can use thermal insulation and absorption products such as glass wool, rock wool, etc. to achieve the function of thermal insulation. In particular, residents living on the top floor can improve the indoor environment after decorating and obviously save air-conditioning energy consumption costs.
Plasterboard ceiling
Gypsum board is a new type of ceiling decoration material which is widely used at present, and has good decorative effect and good sound-absorbing performance. The commonly used plaster decorative boards and paper-surface decorative sound-absorbing panels are commonly used.
Plastering decorative gypsum board features light weight, moisture resistance, no deformation, fire prevention, flame retardant and other characteristics. It also has the advantages of convenient construction, good processing performance, sawing, nailing, planing, and bonding. The main varieties are: all kinds of flat, pattern relief board, semi-perforated plate, full perforated plate, waterproof board and so on. Pattern embossed panels are suitable for the living room, bedroom, study ceiling of the living room; waterproof boards are used in places with high humidity, such as kitchens and bathrooms.
Anti-fraud: Some decoration companies recommend owners to use big core board ceilings. The big core board is a very cheap material. The owners must not be petty, because the big core board's own material will produce many harmful to the human body. Substances such as formaldehyde, benzene and other substances. Therefore, we must firmly refuse to use it at this time.
This is the process of the ceiling construction of the gypsum board, so here we will focus on:
Gypsum board: Gypsum board is currently the most widely used type of new type of ceiling decoration material. Has good interior decoration effect and better sound absorption performance, the price is lower than other roof decoration materials.
When selecting the gypsum board, it is necessary to understand the properties of the interior decorative gypsum board, and at the same time, the characteristics of its use should also be understood so that the interior decoration can achieve its ideal purpose.
Gypsum board is characterized by light weight, heat insulation, non-combustible, can be sawed, nailed, sound-absorbed, humidity-adjusted and beautiful. However, poor moisture resistance.
Plasterboard purchase:
(1) Visual inspection
Visual inspection should be at O. 5m distance light illumination in bright conditions. Visual inspection of the front of the plate, first look at the surface, the surface is smooth, can not have pores, stains, cracks, missing corners, uneven color and incomplete phenomenon, the two layers of kraft paper on the plaster must be solid. It can prevent cracking and cracking the gypsum board when you hit the screw; look at the side again. See if the plaster texture is dense, there is no emptying phenomenon, the more solid the more durable gypsum board.
(2) Tap with your hand
Check the gypsum board's elasticity. A percussion by hand gave a very solid sound indicating that the plasterboard was sturdy and durable, such as emitting a very empty sound indicating empty drums inside the board and poor texture. The amount of hand rub can also be used to measure the quality of the plasterboard.
(3) Size tolerance, flatness and right angle deviation
Deviations in size, flatness, and right angle deviations must meet the eligibility criteria. Decorative gypsum boards, such as excessive deviations, will make the decorative surface patchwork irregular, the entire surface roughness, will have a great impact on the decorative effect.
(4) Look at the signs
On each package, there should be a product name, trademark, quality grade, manufacturer's name, date of manufacture, and signs such as moisture, care, and product marking. When buying, you should check the quality level mark. The quality grade of decorative gypsum board is divided according to dimensional tolerance, flatness and right angle deviation.
Material introduction is complete. Let's take a look at the process of plaster ceiling:
Process flow:
Measure payoff → Fixed boom → Install side keel → Install main keel → Install sub keel → Mount trim panel → Install shutout bar
Measurement line: Using a laser level test instrument, measure the overall horizontal and vertical lines in the room, and then according to the horizontal instrument, obtain far-infrared rays, and use the ink line to eject the ceiling elevation control line along the wall (column). The purpose is to make the ceiling afterwards be compared against this horizontal line so as to ensure the horizontal and vertical construction.
Keel installation:
1. Installation side keel
The side keel should be installed according to the requirements of the design drawings and the projected ceiling elevation control line. After installing the side keel on the side of the wall and brushing the adhesive, use a drill at the top of the wall to drill the hole, put the wooden brick into the wall with a hammer, and then fix it on the pre-embedded wooden brick with cement nails or screws. Bricks need to be preserved. When fixed on the concrete wall (pillar), it can be fixed directly with cement nails.
Tip: The industry pays attention to seeing that the spacing between the side keel fixings should not be greater than the spacing between the ceiling sub keels, generally 300 to 600 mm, in order to prevent the deformation from affecting the stability and quality of the final project.
Inspection Tips: Side keel should be designed according to design requirements, fixed around the wall. Side keel is the initial installation if you do not follow the horizontal line, it will affect the appearance of the ceiling.
2. Install the main keel
When measuring the length of the main keel of the side keel, special hangers and booms shall be used for connection. The center of the boom shall be on the center line of the main keel. The main keel installation spacing - generally 900 ~ 1000mm, generally should be arranged parallel to the room long.
3. Installation of secondary keel
The metal sub keel is nailed together with a dedicated connector and main keel. The secondary keel must be docked and must not be lapped. ―The number of keel spacing is not more than 600mm. Humidity or important places, sub-keel spacing should be 300 ~ 400mm.
Owner quality inspection:
1 position deviation, skeleton appearance quality, verticality flatness.
2 Shake the keel by hand to shake it up and down to see if it is stable. If there is no rocking instability, it can be proved that the stability is in line with the standard.
3 Correctively correct the position and flatness of the primary and secondary keels. This is also the main factor affecting the stability.
Supervision and inspection: prevent uneven ceiling:
1. Phenomenon: irregular ceiling wave appearance
2. Reason analysis:
Arbitrary arching, forming a non-uniform arch.
The grille around the ceiling or the four corners are not flat.
Keel joints have uneven corners and cause uneven ceilings.
If the distance between the boom or the hanger is too large, the keel deforms and deforms irregularly.
The lacing node is loosely coupled, and displacement and deformation occur after stress.
Decorative panel
(1) When the skeleton is a metal keel, a countersunk head screw is generally used to fix the veneer.
(2) Plasterboard installation. First, measure the gypsum board needed to determine the distance between the keels. Cut the gypsum board and fix it with the side keel and the main keel with screws. Note that each plate should be radially fixed from the middle to the surrounding, and it must not be fixed from multiple points at the same time to avoid the phenomenon of curved edges and convex bulges. Normally the long edges of the entire gypsum board should be installed along the sub-keel lay direction.
Supervised veneer: Reasons for cracks in the ceiling:
1. Phenomenon: The joints at the ceiling are cracked due to the long time.
2. Reasons: Due to sporadic splicing when sealing the panels, no more than one whole gypsum board was used to make joints too much. Therefore, it is best to reduce joints during construction and use a whole board as much as possible.
Install batten or strip
The junctions between various decorative panel ceilings and surrounding wall surfaces shall be edged according to design requirements or using edge strips, female corners, or closing strips that are compatible with the decorative panel material. Installation must be solid, reliable, flat and straight.
Tip: seasonal construction
When the gypsum board and other decorative panels are installed during the rainy season, the operating environment humidity should be controlled below 70%. During the rainy season, all kinds of ceiling materials should be transported, handled and stored in rain-proof and moisture-proof measures to prevent mildew, rust and deformation.
During the construction process, the owner should pay attention to the problems affecting the project quality:
1. Strictly press the good level and position control line to install the peripheral frame; the force node should be connected with a firm piece to ensure the overall rigidity of the frame; the specifications and dimensions of the keel should meet the design requirements, and the arching should be uniform in both vertical and horizontal directions. To adapt to each other, adjust the degree of crowning of the skeleton with a suspender bolt: The metal keel is strictly prohibited from bending, to ensure that the ceiling skeleton is securely mounted and leveled.
2. Before the veneer panel is installed, it should be tested piece by piece. The corners must be regular and the dimensions should be the same; after this installation, the joints can be ensured to be uniform, smooth, smooth and neat.
3. For the holes and holes reserved for light steel skeletons (lamps, vents, etc.), the construction of the keel and connecting parts should be set according to the specification and atlas. Avoid deformations and cracks around holes and holes.
4. The skeleton should be fixed on the main structure, and should not be hung on various pipelines and equipment in the ceiling. After the hanging parts are adjusted well, they must be fixed and tightened. The connection between the light steel skeleton must be solid and reliable. In order to avoid deformation of the skeleton to make the roof uneven, cracking.
5. When the veneer and the block are cut during cutting, the cutting angle should be controlled. The burrs and the edge of the cut should be trimmed and straightened. Avoid problems such as obvious seams, leaky connections, uneven seams, and misaligned seams.
Focus on process quality check:
The ceiling is one of the hidden works, so the method of detection must be carried out during the construction. Otherwise, there will be no problem after sealing the gypsum board. Note that checking during construction is the best way.
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