In the market, the granules of calcium (superphosphate) are pretending to be nitrophosphate and heavy superphosphate. It is also useful to use pseudocalcium and nitrophosphate to counteract diammonium phosphate. They have similar color, particle and compressive strength, but the composition, content and price of the ingredients vary greatly. Granular calcium P2O5 content 14%-18%; three phosphorus fertilizer (heavy calcium) P2O5 content 42%-46%; nitrophosphate fertilizer containing pure nitrogen 25%-27%, containing P2O511%-13.5%; P2O546%-48%, nitrogen content is 16%-18%. The identification method is as follows:
(1) The appearance of phosphoric acid II (American) is not dark, the center is dark brown, the edge is yellow, the outer edge of the particle is slightly translucent, the surface is slightly smooth, and it is irregular; the color of the particles deepens after damp, no The yellow and the edges are transparent, and the particles behave like wet particles after being wetted, and have a very small amount of white on the surface. The nitrophosphate fertilizer has no obvious transparency, and the surface of the granule is smooth, and it is a dark brown irregular particle. The superphosphate is lighter in color, grayish, light gray, and has a slightly smooth surface. The heavy superphosphate granular fertilizer is dark gray granules.
(2) Water solubility Phosphate fertilizer, diammonium phosphate and heavy superphosphate can be dissolved in water. The superphosphate is only partially soluble in water (about half of it precipitates on the bottom of the water).
(III) Burning with fire The burning of diammonium phosphate and nitrophosphate on red charcoal can quickly melt and release ammonia gas; while heavy superphosphate and superphosphate have no ammonia smell; especially the shape of superphosphate particles does not change at all.
Second, the identification method of counterfeit and inferior compound fertilizer Compound fertilizer is made from secondary fertilizer or compound fertilizer through secondary processing (or direct granulation in the factory), which is difficult to distinguish from the appearance, so the counterfeiting appearing in the market in recent years In the pseudo-degraded fertilizer, especially compound fertilizer (or compound fertilizer) is the most. Among the counterfeit and inferior compound fertilizers, one is the unqualified products whose nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient contents are lower than the national standards. This is mostly due to the fact that the manufacturers are not pursuing the nutrients according to national standards for the pursuit of profits, for example: The national standard (GB15O63-94) stipulates that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients should be ≥ 25%, and unqualified products are often only about 20% or even lower. Such products cannot be identified by simple identification and chemical qualitative identification methods. They must be sampled and sent to the quality inspection department for accurate quantitative analysis, and then compared with the quality indicators in the national standards to evaluate whether they are qualified products. The other type is counterfeit compound fertilizer (or compound fertilizer) that does not contain nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium nutrients (or very little content), and is mostly made by mixing and processing granulation with coal ash, cement, lime, salt, soil and other raw materials. Generally, it does not contain nitrogen fertilizer, and it is often sold at a price lower than the qualified product, enticing the purchaser to be deceived. At present, the market is mostly compound fertilizer with three elements of nutrient ≥25%, and the color is mostly gray, dark brown (containing nitro humate) irregular particles. There is also a ternary compound fertilizer with a content of ≥ 45%, and kaolin is used as a bonding filler, which is yellowish brown and pinkish brown. Counterfeit compound fertilizers are generally particulate matter such as sludge, garbage, soil, and fly ash.
The identification method is as follows:
(1) Appearance of nitrogen fertilizer, especially compound fertilizer with more urea and ammonium nitrate, the furnace temperature is suitable, the particle is in a good molten state, and the surface is relatively smooth; the surface of the fake compound fertilizer is rough, there is no luster, and urea and chlorination are not visible. Potassium residue.
(2) Using a fire on a red iron plate or charcoal, the compound fertilizer can melt, foam and emit smoke, releasing a small amount of astringency, and the particles become smaller. The more nitrogen, the faster the melting, the higher the concentration, the less the residue. There was no change in granular phosphate fertilizer and counterfeit compound fertilizer. The method of burning can be used as the main method for distinguishing between true and false compound fertilizers and the concentration. Of course, the most accurate one is sampling for quantitative analysis.
The above identification methods are all intuitive and are for reference only. A better method is determined by laboratory analysis of the soil and fertilizer research unit, fertilizer and chemical monitoring departments. Scientific fertilization techniques on different crops and different soils are best carried out under the guidance of agricultural research units and agricultural technology extension departments. Special care should be taken when selecting crop-specific fertilizers, compound fertilizers and compound fertilizers.
Li Guibao, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Post Code: 100085)
(1) The appearance of phosphoric acid II (American) is not dark, the center is dark brown, the edge is yellow, the outer edge of the particle is slightly translucent, the surface is slightly smooth, and it is irregular; the color of the particles deepens after damp, no The yellow and the edges are transparent, and the particles behave like wet particles after being wetted, and have a very small amount of white on the surface. The nitrophosphate fertilizer has no obvious transparency, and the surface of the granule is smooth, and it is a dark brown irregular particle. The superphosphate is lighter in color, grayish, light gray, and has a slightly smooth surface. The heavy superphosphate granular fertilizer is dark gray granules.
(2) Water solubility Phosphate fertilizer, diammonium phosphate and heavy superphosphate can be dissolved in water. The superphosphate is only partially soluble in water (about half of it precipitates on the bottom of the water).
(III) Burning with fire The burning of diammonium phosphate and nitrophosphate on red charcoal can quickly melt and release ammonia gas; while heavy superphosphate and superphosphate have no ammonia smell; especially the shape of superphosphate particles does not change at all.
Second, the identification method of counterfeit and inferior compound fertilizer Compound fertilizer is made from secondary fertilizer or compound fertilizer through secondary processing (or direct granulation in the factory), which is difficult to distinguish from the appearance, so the counterfeiting appearing in the market in recent years In the pseudo-degraded fertilizer, especially compound fertilizer (or compound fertilizer) is the most. Among the counterfeit and inferior compound fertilizers, one is the unqualified products whose nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient contents are lower than the national standards. This is mostly due to the fact that the manufacturers are not pursuing the nutrients according to national standards for the pursuit of profits, for example: The national standard (GB15O63-94) stipulates that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients should be ≥ 25%, and unqualified products are often only about 20% or even lower. Such products cannot be identified by simple identification and chemical qualitative identification methods. They must be sampled and sent to the quality inspection department for accurate quantitative analysis, and then compared with the quality indicators in the national standards to evaluate whether they are qualified products. The other type is counterfeit compound fertilizer (or compound fertilizer) that does not contain nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium nutrients (or very little content), and is mostly made by mixing and processing granulation with coal ash, cement, lime, salt, soil and other raw materials. Generally, it does not contain nitrogen fertilizer, and it is often sold at a price lower than the qualified product, enticing the purchaser to be deceived. At present, the market is mostly compound fertilizer with three elements of nutrient ≥25%, and the color is mostly gray, dark brown (containing nitro humate) irregular particles. There is also a ternary compound fertilizer with a content of ≥ 45%, and kaolin is used as a bonding filler, which is yellowish brown and pinkish brown. Counterfeit compound fertilizers are generally particulate matter such as sludge, garbage, soil, and fly ash.
The identification method is as follows:
(1) Appearance of nitrogen fertilizer, especially compound fertilizer with more urea and ammonium nitrate, the furnace temperature is suitable, the particle is in a good molten state, and the surface is relatively smooth; the surface of the fake compound fertilizer is rough, there is no luster, and urea and chlorination are not visible. Potassium residue.
(2) Using a fire on a red iron plate or charcoal, the compound fertilizer can melt, foam and emit smoke, releasing a small amount of astringency, and the particles become smaller. The more nitrogen, the faster the melting, the higher the concentration, the less the residue. There was no change in granular phosphate fertilizer and counterfeit compound fertilizer. The method of burning can be used as the main method for distinguishing between true and false compound fertilizers and the concentration. Of course, the most accurate one is sampling for quantitative analysis.
The above identification methods are all intuitive and are for reference only. A better method is determined by laboratory analysis of the soil and fertilizer research unit, fertilizer and chemical monitoring departments. Scientific fertilization techniques on different crops and different soils are best carried out under the guidance of agricultural research units and agricultural technology extension departments. Special care should be taken when selecting crop-specific fertilizers, compound fertilizers and compound fertilizers.
Li Guibao, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Post Code: 100085)
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