First, the nutritional characteristics of fruit trees 1. Nutritional focus at different growth stages Different fruit trees experience different stages of growth, outcome, and aging in their lifetime. The sapling stage is dominated by vegetative growth, which mainly completes the development of roots and canopy skeletons, with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition as the main factors. In the fruiting stage, fruit trees are mainly reproductive growth. In order to increase fruit yield and quality, the demand for potassium is increasing, and phosphorus and nitrogen can maintain half of potassium. In the fruity period, the deficiency of trace elements is prone to occur, and attention should be paid to timely supplementation. The aging period is mainly the weakening of vegetative growth. In order to delay its decline, nitrogen fertilizer should be added to promote the recovery of vegetative growth to prolong the fruiting period.
2. Changes in main nutrients in different periods During the development of the annual cycle of fruit trees, nitrogen was dominant in the early stage and potassium in the middle and late stages. Phosphorus absorption was relatively stable throughout the growing season. The early flowering fruit setting, young fruit development and growth require a large amount of nitrogen, flower bud differentiation and fruit expansion period, the potassium requirement increases, and reaches a peak during the rapid expansion of the fruit.
2. Fertilization amount of fruit trees 1. Unfruited trees of apples and pear trees, 25 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per plant per year, 0.375-1.25 kg of compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O=20:20:10); Each year, each plant can apply 40-50 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 0.375-1.25 kg of compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O=20:20:10); fruit trees in the fruiting period, 100-125 high-quality organic fertilizer per plant per year Kilograms, compound fertilizer 5-7.5 kg (N: P2O5: K2O = 20:20:10).
2. Peach tree fruit-bearing tree, 100-200 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per plant per year, 3.75-6.25 kg of compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O=20:20:10)
3. Grape fruit-bearing trees, 40-50 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per plant per year, 0.5-0.625 kg of compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O=20:20:10)
Third, the fertilization period of fruit tree annual cycle nutrition (take fruit trees in the fruit period as an example)
1. During the application period of base fertilizer, the base fertilizer should be applied immediately after harvesting in autumn, mainly organic fertilizer, combined with application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, pay attention to the application of trace elements and medium amount of fertilizer. Apply 20% of N for the whole year, 20% of P2O5, and 20% of K2O. The micro-fertilizer can be applied together with the base fertilizer (the application of micro-fertilizer can last for 2-3 years).
2. Before and after germination, if the base fertilizer is not applied in the autumn of last year, it can be applied in early spring. Apply 50% of N for the whole year and 30% of P2O5.
3. Before flower bud differentiation, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, combined with potassium fertilizer. Apply 30% of N for the whole year, 30% of P2O5, and 40% of K2O.
4. During the fruit expansion period, phosphorus and potassium are the main factors, and nitrogen fertilizer is generally not applied. Apply 20% of P2O5 for the whole year and 40% of K2O.
Huaxian Agricultural Technology Promotion Center
Liu Xiuling
2. Changes in main nutrients in different periods During the development of the annual cycle of fruit trees, nitrogen was dominant in the early stage and potassium in the middle and late stages. Phosphorus absorption was relatively stable throughout the growing season. The early flowering fruit setting, young fruit development and growth require a large amount of nitrogen, flower bud differentiation and fruit expansion period, the potassium requirement increases, and reaches a peak during the rapid expansion of the fruit.
2. Fertilization amount of fruit trees 1. Unfruited trees of apples and pear trees, 25 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per plant per year, 0.375-1.25 kg of compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O=20:20:10); Each year, each plant can apply 40-50 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 0.375-1.25 kg of compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O=20:20:10); fruit trees in the fruiting period, 100-125 high-quality organic fertilizer per plant per year Kilograms, compound fertilizer 5-7.5 kg (N: P2O5: K2O = 20:20:10).
2. Peach tree fruit-bearing tree, 100-200 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per plant per year, 3.75-6.25 kg of compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O=20:20:10)
3. Grape fruit-bearing trees, 40-50 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per plant per year, 0.5-0.625 kg of compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O=20:20:10)
Third, the fertilization period of fruit tree annual cycle nutrition (take fruit trees in the fruit period as an example)
1. During the application period of base fertilizer, the base fertilizer should be applied immediately after harvesting in autumn, mainly organic fertilizer, combined with application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, pay attention to the application of trace elements and medium amount of fertilizer. Apply 20% of N for the whole year, 20% of P2O5, and 20% of K2O. The micro-fertilizer can be applied together with the base fertilizer (the application of micro-fertilizer can last for 2-3 years).
2. Before and after germination, if the base fertilizer is not applied in the autumn of last year, it can be applied in early spring. Apply 50% of N for the whole year and 30% of P2O5.
3. Before flower bud differentiation, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, combined with potassium fertilizer. Apply 30% of N for the whole year, 30% of P2O5, and 40% of K2O.
4. During the fruit expansion period, phosphorus and potassium are the main factors, and nitrogen fertilizer is generally not applied. Apply 20% of P2O5 for the whole year and 40% of K2O.
Huaxian Agricultural Technology Promotion Center
Liu Xiuling
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